Tridgell was a major developer of the Samba software, analysing the Server Message Block protocol used for workgroup and network file sharing by Microsoft Windows products.

It is included in most Windows Server operating systems.

Then Windows 2000 Server edition, and revised to extend functionality and improve administration in Windows Server 2003.

Additional improvements were made in Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 R2, and with the release of the latter the domain controller role was renamed Active Directory Domain Services.

* Enabling International Support in Windows XP / Server 2003 Family, a Microsoft tutorial on how to install input methods on Windows XP.

* CNG API in Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 with managed wrappers for CNG in. NET Framework 3. 5

Microsoft announced that they have discontinued the separate release of WinFS for Windows XP and Windows Vista and will gradually incorporate the technologies developed for WinFS in other products and technologies, notably Microsoft SQL Server.

* Windows NT 4. 0 Server

* Windows NT 4. 0 Server, Enterprise Edition ( includes support for 8-way SMP and clustering )

* Windows NT 4. 0 Terminal Server

Amongst Windows 2000's most significant new features was Active Directory, a near-complete replacement of the NT 4. 0 Windows Server domain model, which built on industry-standard technologies like DNS, LDAP, and Kerberos to connect machines to one another.

** Windows XP Media Center Edition 2003

** Windows XP 64-bit Edition 2003, based on the Windows NT 5. 2 codebase.

On 25 April 2003 Microsoft launched Windows Server 2003, a notable update to Windows 2000 Server encompassing many new security features, a new " Manage Your Server " wizard that simplifies configuring a machine for specific roles, and improved performance.

December 2005, Microsoft released Windows Server 2003 R2, which is actually Windows Server 2003 with SP1 ( Service Pack 1 ) plus an add-on package.

Windows Server 2003 is available in six editions:

On 25 April 2005, Microsoft released Windows XP Professional x64 Edition and Windows Server 2003, x64 Editions in Standard, Enterprise and Datacenter SKUs.

Windows XP Professional x64 Edition is based on the Windows Server 2003 codebase ; with the server features removed and client features added.

Both Windows Server 2003 x64 and Windows XP Professional x64 Edition use identical kernels.

Windows Server 2003 R2, an update of Windows Server 2003, was released to manufacturing on 6 December 2005.

At the Professional Developers Conference ( PDC ) 2008, Microsoft also announced Windows Server 2008 R2, as the server variant of Windows 7.

Windows Server 2008 R2 ships in 64-bit versions ( x64 and Itanium ) only.

Windows Home Server 2011 is built on the Windows Server 2008 R2 code base It follows the release of Windows Home Server Power Pack 3 which added support for Windows 7 to Windows Home Server.

* Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 ( NT version 6. 1 )

* Windows 2008 R2 Hyper-V provides x64 type 1 virtualization.

* DirectAccess, a network technology in Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2

* Cluster Shared Volumes, a Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Failover Clustering technology offering distributed access to Hyper-V virtual machines on shared storage

** With the introduction of Windows 7 ( Business, Ultimate, or Enterprise editions ), Windows XP Mode enables full compatibility with older programs supported under Windows XP via Microsoft Virtual PC.

Toolsets like Microsoft Windows Services for UNIX ( SFU ), UWIN, MKS Toolkit for Enterprise Developers and Hamilton C shell also aim to provide a Unix-like user and development environment.

* Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Edition ( 32-bit and 64-bit )

* Windows 8 Enterprise

New products based on OpenStep were released, including OpenStep Enterprise, a version for Microsoft's Windows NT.

At the same time, an Intel port and OpenStep Enterprise toolkit for Windows were both produced.

In April 2008, SGI re-entered the visualization market with the SGI Virtu range of visualization servers and workstations, which were re-badged systems from BOXX Technologies based on Intel Xeon or AMD Opteron processors and Nvidia Quadro graphics chipsets, running Red Hat Enterprise Linux, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server or Windows Compute Cluster Server.

The most recent incarnations of VME run as a hosted subsystem, called superNova, within Microsoft Windows, or SUSE or Red Hat Enterprise Linux on x86-64 hardware.

This DB2 edition was eventually ported to all Linux, UNIX, and Windows ( LUW ) platforms and was renamed to DB2 Extended Enterprise Edition ( EEE ).

DB2 for Linux, Unix and Windows has three separate editions: IBM DB2 Express-C, Workgroup Server Edition, and Enterprise Server Edition.

* Novell Client | Client for Windows Gives Windows users access to NetWare and Open Enterprise Server services and applications

IIS 7. 0 on Vista does not limit the number of allowed connections as IIS on XP did, but limits concurrent requests to 10 ( Windows Vista Ultimate, Business, and Enterprise Editions ) or 3 ( Vista Home Premium ).

* OPENSTEP Enterprise, NeXT's offering of the OpenStep platform for Microsoft Windows

Version 6 was supposed to merge all features of the Linux appliance ( SIP support and licensing requirements ) between the Linux platform and Windows version, and it was based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

# Free Edition – free, open source version distributed under the GNU General Public License ; runs on various flavors of Unix ( Linux, Solaris, HP-UX, AIX ) and versions of Windows prior to Windows Vista ( i. e. Windows NT 4, 2000, XP, Server 2003 ) newer Windows operating systems must use the Personal or Enterprise editions.