His contribution to the society was significant but short-lived: after collaborating with Withering on his Botanical Arrangement of British Plants the two quarrelled bitterly and Stokes severed his relations with the main Lunar members by 1788.

He changed his job to that of a weaver in order to allow himself more time for study and, with the encouragement of the noted botanist, Dr William Withering ( 1744-1799 ), he became associated with the Manchester School of Botanists.

Clinical pharmacology owes much of its foundation to the work of William Withering.

Withering senior also carried out pioneering work into the identification of fungi and invented a folding pocket microscope for use on botanical field trips.

The story is that he noticed a person with dropsy ( swelling from congestive heart failure ) improve remarkably after taking a traditional herbal remedy ; Withering became famous for recognising that the active ingredient in the mixture came from the foxglove plant.

A postscript at the end of the published volume of transactions containing Darwin's paper states that " Whilst the last pages of this volume were in the press, Dr Withering of Birmingham ... published a numerous collection of cases in which foxglove has been given, and frequently with good success ".

His best-known students-many of whom continued to correspond with him during his long life-included ( in addition to Joseph Black, who became his colleague ) Benjamin Rush, a central figure in the founding of the United States of America ; John Morgan, who founded the first medical school in the American colonies ( the Medical School at the College of Philadelphia ); William Withering, the discoverer of digitalis ; Sir Gilbert Blane, medical reformer of the Royal Navy ; and John Coakley Lettsom, the philanthropist and founder of the Medical Society of London.

He also began corresponding with and collecting for William Withering, one of the foremost British botanists of his day.

By 1800, Brown was firmly established amongst Irish botanists, and was corresponding with a number of British and foreign botanists, including Withering, Dickson, James Edward Smith and José Correia da Serra.

* William Withering: Foxglove ( with words from his book An Account of the Foxglove and some of its Medical Uses )

About 30 " hard core " rioters attacked the home of William Withering, an Anglican who attended the Lunar Society with Priestley and Keir.

W. C. becomes intoxicated and spends the day – and it seems the night – with his faithful, adoring secretary, Miss Hortense Withering ( Patsy Rowlands ).

It was later home to William Withering and since 1936, thanks to negotiations initiated by The Birmingham Civic Society with the owner, Calthorpe Estates, it has been the clubhouse for Edgbaston Golf Club.

Despite this uncertainty, fourteen individuals have been identified as having verifiably attended Lunar Society meetings regularly over a long period during its most productive eras: these are Matthew Boulton, Erasmus Darwin, Thomas Day, Richard Lovell Edgeworth, Samuel Galton, Jr., James Keir, Joseph Priestley, William Small, Jonathan Stokes, James Watt, Josiah Wedgwood, John Whitehurst and William Withering.

The botanist and physician Jonathan Stokes, who had known William Withering as a child, moved to Stourbridge and started attending Lunar Society meetings from 1783.

By the second half of the century the town's leading thinkers – particularly members of the Lunar Society of Birmingham such as Joseph Priestley, James Keir, Matthew Boulton, James Watt, William Withering and Erasmus Darwin – had become widely-influential participants in the Republic of Letters, the free circulation of ideas and information among the developing pan-European and trans-Atlantic intellectual elite.

William Withering – like Small a physician – was already an acquaintance of Darwin, Boulton and Wedgwood when he moved from Stafford to Birmingham and became a member of the Society in 1776.

The William Withering Chair in Medicine at the University of Birmingham Medical School is named after him, as is the medical school's annual William Withering Lecture.

Emer is also referenced as part of Táin based imagery in Máirtín Ó Cadhain ' sThe Withering Branch.

The abolitionist Dr William Withering was born in the town in 1741 ; he also investigated digitalis, used in the treatment of heart disease.

The use of D. purpurea extract containing cardiac glycosides for the treatment of heart conditions was first described in the English-speaking medical literature by William Withering, in 1785, which is considered the beginning of modern therapeutics. It is used to increase cardiac contractility ( it is a positive inotrope ) and as an antiarrhythmic agent to control the heart rate, particularly in the irregular ( and often fast ) atrial fibrillation.

William Withering ( 17 March 1741 – 6 October 1799 ) was an English botanist, geologist, chemist, physician and the discoverer of digitalis.

William Withering analysing thermal waters in Portugal He was an enthusiastic chemist and geologist.

* William Withering Junior ( 1822 ).

William Withering of Birmingham.

William Withering and the Foxglove.

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In 1785, Withering published An Account of the Foxglove and some of its Medical Uses, which contained reports on clinical trials and notes on digitalis's effects and toxicity.

Pieced together following the Withering, theologians conclude that there were four true deities: the evil twins Yin and Yang, Feng Shui the destroyer, and merciful Bod, based on the children's television programme Bod ; the theme tune of which has become a hymn, sung in Gregorian chant.

Withering was born in Wellington, Shropshire, trained as a physician and studied at the University of Edinburgh.

Withering first learned of the use of Digitalis in " cardiac ( congestive heart failure ) from an old woman who practiced as a folk herbalist in Shropshire, who used the plant as part of a polyherbal formulation containing over 20 different ingredients to successfully treat this condition.

Withering deduced that Digitalis was the " active " ingredient in the formulation, and over the ensuing nine years he carefully tried out different preparations of various parts of the plant ( collected in different seasons ) and documented 156 cases where he had employed digitalis, and described the effects and the best-and safest-way of using it.

At least one of these cases was a patient whom Erasmus Darwin had asked Withering for his second opinion.

After this, Darwin and Withering became increasingly estranged, and eventually a horrendous argument broke out apparently resulting from Darwin having accused Withering of unprofessional behaviour by effectively poaching patients.

* October 6 – William Withering, a British physician ( b. 1741 )