Within classical Islamic jurisprudence — the development of which is to be dated into the first few centuries after the prophets death — jihad is the only form of warfare permissible under Islamic law, and may consist in wars against unbelievers, apostates, rebels, highway robbers and dissenters renouncing the authority of Islam.

Within Shi ' a Islam exists a large group known as the Twelvers who regard the twelfth Imam as the last of the Imams.

Within Islam however, such a concept of plurality within God is a denial of monotheism, and foreign to the revelation found in Muslim scripture.

Within Islam, širk is an unforgivable crime ; God may forgive any sin except for committing širk.

Within Islam, shirk is an unforgivable crime when unpardoned before death ; God may forgive any sin if one dies in that state except for committing shirk.

Within Islam, shirk is an unforgivable crime ; God may forgive any sin if one dies in that state except for committing shirk, repentance is required for its forgiveness.

Within Islam, there has been conflict at various periods between Sunnis and Shias ; Shi ' ites consider Sunnis to be damned, due to their refusal to accept the first Caliph as Ali and accept all following descendants of him as infallible and divinely guided.

Within months, on November 3, 1975, four more of its top leaders, Syed Nazrul Islam, Tajuddin Ahmed, Captain Muhammad Mansur Ali and A. H. M. Qamaruzzaman were killed inside the Dhaka Central Jail on the orders of the majors.

Within Shi ' a Islam ( Shi ' ism ) the various sects came into being because they differed over their Imams ' successions just as the Shi ' a-Sunni separation within Islam itself had come into being from the dispute that had arisen over the succession to Prophet Mohammad.

* While Europe Slept: How Radical Islam is Destroying the West from Within, Random House Digital, Inc., 2006, ISBN 978-0-385-51472-9

Within their rein, into the mid 11th century they converted to Islam.

Within this book it is stated that a person who has declared the two clause of the shahadat ( declaration / testimony of faith ) is judged to be out of Islam or has invalidated ‘ his ’ tauhid when it is proved that ‘ he ’ has undertaken any one of the ten mentioned issues.

Within the different Hadith collections, there are references to worldly punishments for committing apostasy in Islam.

), The Struggle Within Islam, Muhammed and the Quran, The Price of Partition, and Communal Rage in Secular India.

* The Struggle Within Islam

Within 30 years of its founding, its graduates established some 40 branch schools, making Deoband the center of the new maslak – a distinctive “ way ” in Indian Islam.

Within certain wide limits anatomy dictates function and, if one is permitted to speculate, potential pathology should be included in this statement as well.

Within ten years, the Supreme Court interpreted Rule 48 in such a way so that it could apply to absent parties under certain circumstances, but only by ignoring the plain meaning of the rule.

Within certain Jewish communities, formal organized bodies do exist.

Within the party, there were varying opinions on how this should proceed ; certain economists wished for a more mixed economy while others wanted the economy to remain mostly socialist.

Within the framework of his science fiction stories, Heinlein repeatedly addressed certain social themes: the importance of individual liberty and self-reliance, the obligation individuals owe to their societies, the influence of organized religion on culture and government, and the tendency of society to repress nonconformist thought.

Within a larger organism, some cells are specialized to produce certain chemicals.

Within speech pathology the term vocal register has three constituent elements: a certain vibratory pattern of the vocal folds, a certain series of pitches, and a certain type of sound.

Within the Board of Governors, authority resides in the Executive Committee to exercise all rights, powers, and authorities of LLNS, excepting only certain decisions that are reserved to the parent companies.

Within these environments, physical key management may also be employed as a means of further managing and monitoring access to mechanically keyed areas or access to certain small assets.

Within the fixed structure outlined below, which is specific to the Roman Rite, the Scripture readings, the antiphons sung or recited during the entrance procession or communion, and certain other prayers vary each day according to the liturgical calendar.

Within opera, particular roles are written with specific kinds of tenor voices in mind, causing certain roles to be associated with certain kinds of voices.

Within a certain course framework, students choose and create their own Program of Emphasis and graduate with a degree in it.

" Within the total only five Argentine aircraft might have been shot down by Rapier, and, as originally noted by Ethell and Price, only one of these was certain, with two probables and two possibles.

Within the cultures of anime and manga specifically, as well as science fiction and fantasy, there is a certain level of notoriety that is attached to cosplayers.

Within the EU, accusations have been made that off-budget enterprises are sometimes used by national governments to circumvent the Stability and Growth Pact, as public debt will no longer appear in the annual budget deficit and in total public debt, which may not exceed certain percentages of GDP ( 3 % and 60 % respectively ) under the Maastricht criteria.

Within speech pathology the term vocal register has three constituent elements: a certain vibratory pattern of the vocal folds, a certain series of pitches, and a certain type of sound.

Within the European Union, they can now only be supplied for replacement purposes although they can be supplied for certain specified types of new equipment such as medical devices.

Within the English Church men with whom he had both personal and religious sympathy rose -- Whately, of whom he said, " We know no living writer who has proved so little and disproved so much "; and Thomas Arnold, " a man who could be a hero without romance "; F. D. Maurice, whose character, marked by " religious realism ," sought in the past " the witness to eternal truths, the manifestation by time-samples of infinite realities and unchanging relations "; and Charles Kingsley, " a great teacher ," though one " certain to go astray the moment he becomes didactic.

Within colonies birds will synchronise their laying, with synchronisation being higher in larger colonies, although after a certain level this levels off.

( Within linguistics, " prosody " is used in a more general sense that includes not only poetical metre but also the rhythmic aspects of prose, whether formal or informal, which vary from language to language, and sometimes between poetic traditions.

Within conventional Western medicine, most physicians still pay heed to their ancient traditions:

Within the tales related in occult manuals are found connections with stories from other cultures ' literary traditions.

Within the Sramanic traditions one who has attained liberation is called an arhat ( Sanskrit ; Pali: arahant ), an honorific term meaning ' worthy ' acknowledging the skill and effort required to overcome the obstacles to the goal of nirvana.

Within Vaishnavism Hindu traditions Balarama is identified and worshipped as an Avatar of Adishesha, and he is also listed as such in the Bhagavata Purana.

Within both the Vaishnava traditions and Hinduism generally he is known as being a manifestation of Shesha, the serpent on whom Vishnu rests.

Within some traditions such as Mormonism, the term is used as a nontrinitarian substitute for the term Trinity, denoting the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit not as a Trinity, but as a unified council of separate beings.

Within these territories the Jewish community flourished and developed many of modern Judaism's most distinctive theological and cultural traditions, while also facing periods of antisemitic discriminatory policies and persecutions.

Within a number of Hindu traditions Lakshmana is considered to be an avatar, in a secondary form to Rama's main appearance.

Within the ' simple folks ' also negative or critical views about the pyramids might have been handed down and the mortuary cult of the priests was surely not done only because they liked to do, but because of family traditions.

: Within a compass of two hundred pages it proclaims unequivocally the existence and oneness of a personal God, unknowable, inaccessible, the source of all Revelation, eternal, omniscient, omnipresent and almighty ; asserts the relativity of religious truth and the continuity of Divine Revelation ; affirms the unity of the Prophets, the universality of their Message, the identity of their fundamental teachings, the sanctity of their scriptures, and the twofold character of their stations ; denounces the blindness and perversity of the divines and doctors of every age ; cites and elucidates the allegorical passages of the New Testament, the abstruse verses of the Qur ' án, and the cryptic Muhammadan traditions which have bred those age-long misunderstandings, doubts and animosities that have sundered and kept apart the followers of the world's leading religious systems ; enumerates the essential prerequisites for the attainment by every true seeker of the object of his quest ; demonstrates the validity, the sublimity and significance of the Báb's Revelation ; acclaims the heroism and detachment of His disciples ; foreshadows, and prophesies the world-wide triumph of the Revelation promised to the people of the Bayán ; upholds the purity and innocence of the Virgin Mary ; glorifies the Imams of the Faith of Muhammad ; celebrates the martyrdom, and lauds the spiritual sovereignty, of the Imam Husayn ; unfolds the meaning of such symbolic terms as " Return ," " Resurrection ," " Seal of the Prophets " and " Day of Judgment "; adumbrates and distinguishes between the three stages of Divine Revelation ; and expatiates, in glowing terms, upon the glories and wonders of the " City of God ," renewed, at fixed intervals, by the dispensation of Providence, for the guidance, the benefit and salvation of all mankind.

Within Indonesian cuisine traditions, the Minangkabau cuisine ( popularly known as " Padang food ") are known for their fondnesss of offals, mostly are made into gulai ( a type of curry ) such as gulai otak ( brain ), gulai babat ( tripes ), gulai usus ( intestine ), gulai sumsum ( bone marrow ), also fried hati ( liver ) and limpa ( spleen ).

Within the cenobitic community, all monks conform to a common way of living based on the traditions of that particular monastery.

Within some magical traditions today, such as contemporary witchcraft, hoodoo and Hermeticism or ceremonial magic, conjuration may refer specifically to an act of calling or invoking deities and other spirits ; or it may refer more generally to the casting of magic spells by a variety of techniques.

Within the Latin Rite, there are variations in such matters in accordance with rules laid down by the episcopal conferences in line with local conditions and traditions.

Within the OEA is the News and Information office ( provides EWC research findings, opinion pieces, and analysis of issues to journalists and the public ), the Arts Program ( presents performances and exhibitions illuminating the cultural values and art forms of national and ethnic traditions in the region ), and the Alumni Office ( works with an international network of professionals from more than 50 countries who have had a past affiliation with the EWC ).

Within this body of work, connections also are drawn to yet other theoretical traditions, including constructivist epistemology and the philosophical positions of phenomenology, postmodernism and critical realism.

Within churches of these traditions the reserved sacrament serves as a focal point of religious devotion.

Within these traditions, Khums involves an annual taxation of one-fifth of all gain, and can be compared to a tithe, or an income tax.

Within their territory, they were knitted together by common traditions, customs, cultures ; mode of living ; language and social life.

Within Hindu traditions Vaishnava devotees commonly chant on beads made from the Tulsi plant ( Holy Basil ), held as a sacred manifestation of Tulsidevi ; whereas Shaivites use Rudraksha beads.

Within the various Zen traditions dharma transmission got various meanings.

Within the world of classical antiquity, Christian poets often struggled with their relationship to the existing traditions of Greek and Latin poetry, which were of course heavily influenced by paganism.

( Within this article, " the old perspective " refers specifically to Reformed and Lutheran traditions, especially the views descended from John Calvin and Martin Luther, see also Law and Gospel.