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Page "Philosophical Investigations" ¶ 19
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Wittgenstein and rejects
Wittgenstein rejects the idea that ostensive definitions can provide us with the meaning of a word.
McDowell argues that Wittgenstein does present the paradox ( as Kripke argues ), but he argues further that Wittgenstein rejects the paradox on the grounds that it assimilates understanding and interpretation.

Wittgenstein and ways
Wittgenstein introduces the term using simple examples, but intends it to be used for the many ways in which we use language.
In addition to ambiguous sentences, Wittgenstein discussed figures which can be seen and understood in two different ways.
Richard Rorty, Kierkegaard, and Wittgenstein challenge the sense of questioning whether our particular concepts are related to the world in an appropriate way, whether we can justify our ways of describing the world as compared with other ways.
Wittgenstein, for instance, argues that language ( e. g., the word ' bachelor ') is used for various purposes and in an indefinite number of ways.
In many ways this violates the spirit of Wittgenstein ’ s book.

Wittgenstein and thinking
Although the theory is commonly known as the " picture " theory, " model " is probably a more appropriate way of thinking of what Wittgenstein meant by " Bild.
Members of the Vienna Circle had a common attitude towards philosophy, consisting of an applied logical positivism drawn from Ludwig Wittgenstein, whose Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus formed the basis for the group's philosophy ( although Wittgenstein himself insisted that logical positivism was a gross misreading of his thinking, and took to reading poetry during meetings of the Vienna Circle ).
Instead, Kripke insists the conclusion is explicitly stated by § 202, which reads “ Hence it is not possible to obey a rule ‘ privately ’: otherwise thinking one was obeying a rule would be the same as obeying it .” Further, Kripke identifies Wittgenstein ’ s interests in the philosophy of mind as being related to his interests in the foundations of mathematics, in that both subjects require considerations concerning rules and rule following.
John Maynard Keynes wrote his dissertation on non-demonstrative reasoning, and influenced the thinking of Ludwig Wittgenstein on this subject.

Wittgenstein and about
Ludwig Wittgenstein wrote about the nature of philosophical puzzles and philosophical understanding.
Rather than presenting a philosophical problem and its solution, Wittgenstein engages in a dialogue, where he provides a thought experiment ( a hypothetical example or situation ), describes how one might be inclined to think about it, and then shows why that inclination suffers from conceptual confusion.
Wittgenstein also ponders the possibility of a language which talks about those things which are known only to the user, whose content is inherently private.
Often, what is widely regarded as a deep philosophical problem will vanish, argues Wittgenstein, and eventually be seen as a confusion about the significance of the words that philosophers use to frame such problems and questions.
Thus, Wittgenstein argues, if we can talk about something, then it is not private, in the sense considered.
However, some argue that Wittgenstein is basically a behaviorist because he considers facts about language use as all there is.
.. Ironically, this change came about as the result of criticism from Wittgenstein in his 1919 Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.
When writing about these picturing situations, Wittgenstein used the word " Bild ," which may be translated as " picture " or " model ".
Here, Wittgenstein ran into a problem he acknowledged widely: we cannot think about a picture outside of its representational form.
However, the correspondence itself is something Wittgenstein believed we could not say anything about.
His logical-atomistic metaphysical view led Wittgenstein to believe that we could not say anything about the relationship that pictures bear to what they picture.
Whitehead Lectures: " Logicism, Wittgenstein, and De Re Beliefs about Natural Numbers ".
Paul Wittgenstein appears as a character in Derek Jarman's 1993 film Wittgenstein, about his brother Ludwig Wittgenstein.
The connection between McDowell's general metaphysics and this particular claim about moral properties is that all claims about objectivity are to be made from the internal perspective of our actual practices, the part of his view that he takes from the later Wittgenstein.
Ludwig Wittgenstein is alleged to have been a Soviet recruiter at Cambridge by Kimberley Cornish in his 1998 book The Jew of Linz, but his theories about Wittgenstein and the influence of Wittgenstein on Hitler have found little acceptance.
However, this critique of metaphysics, carried on by the first Wittgenstein, in his 1921 Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, for example, has been in return criticized by philosophers, such as Heidegger in his 1927 Being and Time, as a form of positivism or, worse, scientism, which is accused of having decided to abandon the most important questions about humanity and the Being, under the pretext that no definitive answer can be brought to them.
While the earlier twentieth century experienced a linguistic turn, mostly brought about by the thought of Ludwig Wittgenstein and Ferdinand de Saussure, the cultural turn of the late twentieth century absorbs those criticisms and adds on.
In his book Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language, Saul Kripke proposes a related argument that leads to skepticism about meaning rather than skepticism about induction, as part of his personal interpretation ( nicknamed " Kripkenstein " by some ) of the private language argument.

Wittgenstein and what
Wittgenstein pointed out in his Philosophical Investigations that what counts as a " simple " in one circumstance might not do so in another.
Compare, for example, Proposition 4. 024 of the Tractatus, where Wittgenstein asserts that we understand a proposition when we know what happens if it is true, with Schlick's assertion that " To state the circumstances under which a proposition is true is the same as stating its meaning.
The text is divided into two parts, consisting of what Wittgenstein calls, in the preface, Bemerkungen, translated by Anscombe as " remarks ".
" Or Wittgenstein may indicate such a response by beginning with a long dash, as he does before the question above: — But what is the meaning of the word ' five '?
Wittgenstein argues that definitions emerge from what he termed " forms of life ", roughly the culture and society in which they are used.
It is " s if someone were to buy several copies of the morning paper to assure himself that what it said was true ", as Wittgenstein puts it.
However, Wittgenstein resists such a characterization ; he writes ( considering what an objector might say ):
The former view is shown to be held by Wittgenstein in what follows ...
Here ends what Wittgenstein deems to be the relevant points of his metaphysical view and he begins in 2. 1 to use said view to support his Picture Theory of Language.
In the final pages Wittgenstein veers towards what might be seen as religious considerations.
Pictures have what Wittgenstein calls Form der Abbildung, or pictorial form, in virtue of their being similar to what they picture.
The fact that the toy car is significantly smaller than the real car is part of its representational form, or the differences between the picture and what it pictures, which Wittgenstein is interpreted to mean by Form der Darstellung.
However, Wittgenstein does not specify what objects are.
Ludwig Wittgenstein made a remark recorded by Friedrich Waismann: " To be sure, I can imagine what Heidegger means by being and anxiety " which has been construed by some commentators as sympathetic to Heidegger's philosophical approach.
But later Wittgenstein stated, “ Only much later, after I ’ d studied the concerto for months, did I become fascinated by it and realized what a great work it was .” In 1933, Wittgenstein played the work in concert for the first time to instant acclaim.
William James and Wittgenstein also discussed what is basically the Euthyphro dilemma, but they did not name it either.
Or, as Wittgenstein himself puts it, " any interpretation still hangs in the air along with what it interprets, and cannot give it any support.
As one author puts it, " they never stop changing, and terms that designate them constitute only what Wittgenstein called ' family resemblance predicates '" ( ibid, p. 169 ).
There is a chapter on ‘ The Impact of Wittgenstein ’ in which he examines what he now thinks must be accepted and what rejected in that philosopher ’ s work.

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