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Wulfstan ( died December 956 ) was Archbishop of York between 931 and 952.
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Wulfstan and died
The Anglo Saxon Chronicle version D says that Eadred arrested Wulfstan, but if this actually happened, the king and archbishop must have reconciled at some point before Eadred's death in 955, as Wulfstan was archbishop when Eadred died.
Wulfstan died at Oundle, Northamptonshire on 26 December 956 or 16 December 956, and was buried at Oundle.
Wulfstan ( sometimes Lupus ; died 28 May 1023 ) was an English Bishop of London, Bishop of Worcester, and Archbishop of York.
The Sermo Lupi ad Anglos (' The Sermon of the Wolf to the English ') is the title given to a homily composed in England between 1010-1016 by Wulfstan II, Archbishop of York ( died 1023 ), who commonly styled himself Lupus, or ' wolf ' after the first element in his name = ' wolf-stone '.
When he died, he, along with Wulfstan, Bishop of Worcester, were the only remaining bishops still remaining from Edward the Confessor's appointments.
Wulfstan and was
How the diocese of Worcester was administered when Ealdred was abroad is unclear, although it appears that Wulfstan, the prior of the cathedral chapter, performed the religious duties in the diocese.
The story of Ealdred being deposed comes from the Vita Edwardi, a life of Edward the Confessor, but the Vita Wulfstani, an account of the life of Ealdred's successor at Worcester, Wulfstan, says that Nicholas refused the pallium until a promise to find a replacement for Worcester was given by Ealdred.
Yet another chronicler, John of Worcester, mentions nothing of any trouble in Rome, and when discussing the appointment of Wulfstan, says that Wulfstan was elected freely and unanimously by the clergy and people.
Ealdred was succeeded by Wulfstan, chosen by Ealdred, but John of Worcester relates that Ealdred had a hard time deciding between Wulfstan and Æthelwig.
Because the position of Stigand, the archbishop of Canterbury, was irregular, Wulfstan sought and received consecration as a bishop from Ealdred.
Normally, Wulfstan would have gone to the archbishop of Canterbury, as the see of Worcester was within Canterbury's province.
Although Ealdred gave up the bishopric, the appointment of Wulfstan was one that allowed Ealdred to continue his considerable influence on the see of Worcester.
Even after the Norman Conquest, Ealdred still controlled some events in Worcester, and it was Ealdred, not Wulfstan, who opposed Urse d ' Abetot's attempt to extend the castle of Worcester into the cathedral after the Norman Conquest.
By 1073 there were only two Englishmen in episcopal sees, and by the time of William's death in 1089, there was only one, Wulfstan II of Worcester.
He was present at the council of May 1008 at which Wulfstan II, Archbishop of York, preached his Sermo Lupi ad Anglos ( The Sermon of the Wolf to the English ), castigating the English for their moral failings and blaming the latter for the tribulations afflicting the country.
It was first mentioned as " Ilfing " in The Voyages of Ohthere and Wulfstan which was written in Anglo-Saxon in King Alfred's reign using information from a Viking who had visited the area.
Other historians have been more cautious in interpreting this material, noting that chroniclers also reported John's personal interest in the life of St Wulfstan of Worcester and his friendships with several senior clerics, most especially with Hugh of Lincoln, who was later declared a saint.
His body was escorted south by a company of mercenaries and he was buried in Worcester Cathedral in front of the altar of St Wulfstan.
Roger was unable to leave his stronghold in Herefordshire because of efforts by Wulfstan, the Bishop of Worcester, and Æthelwig, the Abbot of Evesham.
It is unclear if Wulfstan was English or indeed if he was from Hedeby, in today's northern Germany near the city of Schleswig.
:" Wulfstan said that he went from Haethum to Truso in seven days and nights, and that the ship was running under sail all the way.
The chronicler Æthelweard is clearer on the point of agency, writing that it was Wulfstan and the ealdorman ( dux ) of the Mercians who deposed these ' deserters ' – perhaps born again pagans – and forced them to submit to Edmund.
Wulfstan and Archbishop
Though in general the witan were recognized as the king's closest advisors and policy-makers, various witan also operated in other capacities ; there are mentions of þeodwitan, ' people's witan ', Angolcynnes witan, ' England's witan ', and an Anglo-Saxon Archbishop of York, Wulfstan II, wrote that " it is incumbent on bishops, that venerable witan always travel with them, and dwell with them, at least of the priesthood ; and that they may consult with them .. and who may be their counsellors at every time.
Archbishop Wulfstan II alludes to the killing of Edward in his Sermo Lupi ad Anglos, written not later than 1016.
It is unclear whether this innovation, seemingly drafted by Archbishop Wulfstan II, dates from Æthelred's reign.
There are indications that Wulfstan, Archbishop of York and a leading statesman in Northumbrian politics, played a key role in Amlaíb's support, although he would later change his mind ( see below ).
Eadred “ reduced all the land of Northumbria to his control ; and the Scots granted him oaths that they would do all that he wanted .” Moreover, in 947 he convened Archbishop Wulfstan and the Northumbrian witan at Tanshelf ( now in Pontefract, West Yorkshire ), on the boundary of the Humber ( near an old Roman road ), where they pledged their obedience to him.
The nature of Eirik's relationship with Archbishop Wulfstan, the leading Northumbrian churchman who played such a decisive role in Amlaíb's career in the early 940's, remains tantalisingly unclear.
Lyfing was unable to go to Rome for his pallium during King Æthelred's reign, for every bishop that was consecrated during the remainder of the king's reign was consecrated by Archbishop Wulfstan of York.
The archbishop was present, along with Archbishop Wulfstan of York, at council that proclaimed the first of these law codes and which was held by Edmund at London, over Easter around 945 or 946.
Here King Edmund besieged King Olaf and Archbishop Wulfstan in Leicester, and he might have controlled them had they not escaped from the stronghold in the night.
Æthelweard's history reports that Amlaíb was deposed by a coup led by Wulfstan, Archbishop of York, and an unnamed Mercian ealdorman.
The Northumbrian submission to Eadred led to a meeting with the notables of York led by Archbishop Wulfstan in 947, but the following year King Erik was back ruling Northumbria and Eadred laid waste to the southern parts of the kingdom — Ripon is mentioned as a particular target — to force the Northumbrians to expel Erik, which they did.
This, however, does not prevent confusion, since the first Bishop Wulfstan is also called Wulfstan II to denote that he was the second Archbishop of York called Wulfstan.
To make matters worse, Wulfstan II, Archbishop of York, was the maternal uncle of Wulfstan II, Bishop of Worcester.
When Ealdred, the bishop of Worcester as well as the Archbishop of York, was required to relinquish Worcester by Pope Nicholas, Ealdred decided to have Wulfstan appointed to Worcester.
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