The centre of Wycliffe's philosophical system is formed by the doctrine of the prior existence in the thought of God of all things and events.

But above all they clung to Wycliffe's doctrine of the Lord's Supper, denying transubstantiation, and this is the principal point by which they are distinguished from the moderate party.

If this pronouncement seems hardly justified, now that Wycliffe's writings are in print, it must be borne in mind that not all his philosophical works are extant.

Because the existence of these points of space as such, that is, as truly indivisible unities, has its basis in the fact that the points are one with the bodies that fill them ; because, therefore, all possible space is coincident with the physical world ( as in Wycliffe's system, in general, reality and possibility correspond ), there can as little be a vacuum as bounding surfaces that are common to different bodies.

While a number of partial and incomplete translations had been made from the seventh century onward, the grass-roots spread of Wycliffe's Bible resulted in a death sentence for any unlicensed possession of Scripture in English — even though all the major European languages had been translated and made available.

Yet his friend and protector John of Gaunt was the most hated by the rebels, and where Wycliffe's influence was greatest the uprising found the least support.

The citadel of the reformatory movement was Oxford, where Wycliffe's most active helpers were ; these were laid under the ban and summoned to recant, and Nicholas of Hereford went to Rome to appeal.

However from around 1382 he lived with Wycliffe at Lutterworth, Leicestershire, and became, along with Nicholas of Hereford and John Aston, one of Wycliffe's most devoted disciples.

Yet there are passages which are moderate in tone ; G. V. Lechler identifies three stages in Wycliffe's relations with the papacy.

Although Wycliffe's Bible circulated widely in the later Middle Ages, it had very little influence on the first English biblical translations of the reformation era such as those of William Tyndale and Miles Coverdale, as it had been translated from the Latin Vulgate rather than the original Greek and Hebrew ; and consequently it was generally ignored in later English Protestant biblical scholarship.

Even in Wycliffe's time the " Lollards " had reached wide circles in England and preached " God's law, without which no one could be justified.

It was during this period that Luther, under the name of Junker Jörg ( the Knight George ), translated the New Testament into German, only the second translation into a modern language in a millennia ( see John Wycliffe's translation 100 years earlier in England ).

Since the printing press was not invented yet there exist only a very few copies of Wycliffe's earlier bible.

Wycliffe's Bible appears to have been completed by 1384, with additional updated versions being done by Wycliffe's assistant John Purvey and others in 1388 and 1395.

John Wycliffe's entrance upon the stage of ecclesiastical politics is usually related to the question of feudal tribute to which England had been rendered liable by King John, which was not paid for thirty-three years until Pope Urban V in 1365 claimed it.

It would be a mistake to assume that Wycliffe's doctrine of the Church – which made so great an impression upon famous priest Jan Hus-was occasioned by the western schism ( 1378 – 1417 ).

The whole was revised by Wycliffe's younger contemporary John Purvey in 1388.

Wycliffe's first encounter with the official Church of his time was prompted by his zeal in the interests of the State.

Wycliffe's doctrine of atoms connects itself, therefore, with the doctrine of the composition of time from real moments, but is distinguished by the denial of interspaces as assumed in other systems.

John Wycliffe's attack on the necessity of infant baptism was condemned by another general council, the Council of Constance.

The corner of Hammer Hall Lane and Catte Street ( which had a postern in the wall called Smithgate ) was taken by Black Hall, which was the place of John Wycliffe's imprisonment by the Vice-Chancellor around 1378.

Wycliffe's Bible was revised in the last years of the 14th century, perhaps by John Purvey.

It was at Lutterworth that Purvey undertook, probably with Wycliffe's concurrence if not at his suggestion, to revise the 1382 English translation of the Bible done by Wycliffe and Nicholas of Hereford.

This version is translated by John Purvey, who diligently worked on the translation of Wycliffe's Bible as can be seen in the General Prologue, where Purvey explains the methodology of translating holy scriptures.

However, due to the common misattribution of surviving manuscripts of Wycliffe's Bible as works of an unknown Catholic translator, this version continued to circulate amongst 16th century English Catholics, and many of its renderings of the Vulgate into English were adopted by the translators of the Rheims New Testament.

Since the Rheims version was itself to be consulted by the translators working for King James a number of readings from Wycliffe's Bible did find their way into the Authorized King James Version of the Bible at second hand.

A loose movement that included many members of the gentry pursued these ideas after Wycliffe's death in 1384 and attempted to pass a Parliamentary bill in 1395: the movement was rapidly condemned by the authorities and was termed " Lollardy ".

Next came Crowley's three editions of Piers Plowman in 1550, as well as an edition of the prologue to John Wycliffe's translation of the Bible, which was written by John Purvey and wrongly attributed to Wycliff by Crowley on John Bale's authority.

The citole is frequently mentioned by poets of the 13th to the 15th centuries, and is found in Wycliffe's Bible ( 1360 ) in 2 Samuel vi.

Such a postholder would really be based at County HQ ( in the case of the real life Devon and Cornwall Constabulary the HQ is at Exeter ) and not be so free to get in Wycliffe's way.

Wycliffe's influence was never greater than at the moment when pope and antipope sent their ambassadors to England to gain recognition for themselves.

To distinguish between what the pope should be, if one is necessary, and the pope as he appeared in Wycliffe's day was the purpose of his book on the power of the pope.

During the late 14th century and early 15th century it was a bastion of Wycliffe's supporters, for which college principal William Taylor was ultimately burnt at the stake, and principal Peter Payne fled the country.

The beginning of the Gospel of John in a manuscript of Wycliffe's English translation ( MS. Hunter 191 ) ( first line: ‘ In þe bigynnyng was / þe word & þe word / was at god / & god was / þe word .’)

Aside from Wycliffe's Bible, this was not a fertile time for Bible translation.

Although Wycliffe's Bible had preceded the Protestant Reformation, England was actually one of the last countries in Europe to have a printed vernacular Bible.

Even twenty years after Wycliffe's death, at the Oxford Convocation of 1408, it was solemnly voted that no new translation of the Bible should be made without prior approval.

The literal taste of the earlier translation was used to give Wycliffe's Bible an authoritative tone.

He completed his translation directly from the Vulgate into vernacular English in the year 1382, now known as Wycliffe's Bible.

John Woodbridge I, seen in it the beginnings of Wycliffe's assaults upon Rome and monasticism.

In the days of the mission to Bruges Owtred still belonged to Wycliffe's circle of friends.

Wycliffe's contest with Owtred and William Wynham ( or Wyrinham or Binham ) of Wallingford Priory and St Albans, the Benedictine professor of theology at Oxford, were formerly unknown, as were the earlier ones with William Wadeford.

He had not yet broken with the mendicant friars, and from these John of Gaunt chose Wycliffe's defenders.

Wycliffe's stand with respect to the ideal of poverty became continually firmer, as well as his position with regard to the temporal rule of the clergy.

The books and tracts of Wycliffe's last six years include continual attacks upon the papacy and the entire hierarchy of his times.

An element of the contest appears in Wycliffe's doctrine of the Lord's Supper.

Wycliffe's old enemy William Courtenay, now Archbishop of Canterbury, called in 1382 an ecclesiastical assembly of notables at London.

The literary achievements of Wycliffe's last days, such as the Trialogus, stand at the peak of the knowledge of his day.

The Anti-Wycliffite Statute of 1401 extended persecution to Wycliffe's remaining followers.

None of Wycliffe's contemporaries left a complete picture of his person, his life, and his activities.