Pseudo-transparency is a term used for X Window System clients that simulate the appearance of translucency or transparency by manipulating the same pixmap that has been drawn on the root window, or by instructing the X Server that the Background Pixmap should be inherited from the window's parent.

* X PixMap ( XPM )

According to its man page, xzgv supports the following file formats: GIF, JPEG, PNG, PBM / PGM / PPM ( collectively known as ` PNM '), BMP, TGA ( Targa ), PCX, mrf, PRF, XBM ( X bitmap files ), XPM, TIFF, TIM ( the Sony PlayStation ), and XWD ( X window dumps, as produced by the X Window utility xwd ).

The major question in this chapter is: What is the probability of exactly X successes in N trials??

The outcome of the experiment is X successes.

When each number of successes X is paired with its probability of occurrence Af, the set of pairs Af, is a probability function called a binomial distribution.

The several trials of a binomial experiment produce a new random variable X, the total number of successes, which is just the sum of the random variables associated with the single trials.

Their sum is X, the total number of successes, which in this experiment has the value Af.

For the case of a purely inertial autonavigator consisting of three restrained gyros, a coordinate system is used where the sensitive axis of the X accelerometer is parallel to the east-west direction at the base point, and the Y accelerometer sensitive axis is parallel to the north-south direction at the base point.

The input axis of the X gyro, when pointing in the east-west direction, is always perpendicular to the spin axis of earth.

* If it is required to use a single number X as an estimate for the value of numbers, then the arithmetic mean does this best, in the sense of minimizing the sum of squares ( x < sub > i </ sub > − X )< sup > 2 </ sup > of the residuals.

A choice function is a function f, defined on a collection X of nonempty sets, such that for every set s in X, f ( s ) is an element of s. With this concept, the axiom can be stated:

Each choice function on a collection X of nonempty sets is an element of the Cartesian product of the sets in X.

If the method is applied to an infinite sequence ( X < sub > i </ sub >: i ∈ ω ) of nonempty sets, a function is obtained at each finite stage, but there is no stage at which a choice function for the entire family is constructed, and no " limiting " choice function can be constructed, in general, in ZF without the axiom of choice.

For example, suppose that each member of the collection X is a nonempty subset of the natural numbers.

For example, suppose that X is the set of all non-empty subsets of the real numbers.

Wrapper tools that simplify this workflow include: ImageOptim, a GUI front-end for Mac OS X ; Kashmir Web Optimizer-GUI front-end for Windows ; imgopt, a command-line shell script that also losslessly optimizes JPEG images, Smush. it, an image-optimizing web service ; and TinyPNG, which provides further compression by also reducing the number of colors in the image.

Like the " dimension of image " characterization this can be generalized to a definition of the rank of a linear map: the rank of a linear map f from V → W is the minimal dimension k of an intermediate space X such that f can be written as the composition of a map V → X and a map X → W. While this definition does not suggest an efficient manner to compute the rank ( for which it is better to use one of the alternative definitions ), it does allow to easily understand many of the properties of the rank, for instance that the rank of the transpose of A is the same as that of A.

Of particular interest are those embeddings where the image of X is dense in K ; these are called Hausdorff compactifications of X.

Given any embedding of a Tychonoff space X in a compact Hausdorff space K the closure of the image of X in K is a compactification of X.

The weak -* topology on X * is the weak topology induced by the image of T: T ( X ) ⊂ X **.

Although the rule still applies, the visible fuselage " waisting " can only be seen on a few aircraft, such as the B-1B Lancer, Learjet 60, and the Tupolev Tu-160 ' Blackjack ' — the same effect is now achieved by careful positioning of aircraft components, like the boosters and cargo bay on rockets ; the jet engines in front of ( and not directly below ) the wings of the Airbus A380 ; the jet engines behind ( and not purely at the side of ) the fuselage of a Cessna Citation X ; the shape and location of the canopy on the F-22 Raptor ; and the image of the Airbus A380 above showing obvious area rule shaping at the wing root, which is practically invisible from any other angle.

In such cases it is common to identify the domain X with its image f ( X ) contained in Y, so that then.

The latter happens if the image f ( X ) is neither an open set nor a closed set in Y.

If X is a Tychonoff space then the map from X to its image in βX is a homeomorphism, so X can be thought of as a ( dense ) subspace of βX.

* The map from X to its image in βX is a homeomorphism if and only if X is Tychonoff.

* The map from X to its image in βX is a homeomorphism to an open subspace if and only if X is locally compact Hausdorff.

The Stone – Čech construction can be performed for more general spaces X, but the map X → βX need not be a homeomorphism to the image of X ( and sometimes is not even injective ).

Support was added to OS X in order to provide support for the large number of existing AppleTalk devices, notably laser printers and file shares, but alternate connection solutions common in this era, notably USB for printers, limited their demand.

For example, under standard organizational and casing conventions, might be the name of a file that defines a class called X.

Empirical tests with a 4. 2 GB fragmented file on a DVD media have shown that Microsoft Windows XP supports this, while Mac OS X ( as of 10. 4. 8 ) does not handle this case properly.

In the case of Mac OS X, the driver appears not to support file fragmentation at all ( i. e. it only supports ISO 9660 Level 2 but not Level 3 ).

* On modern systems, Mac OS X Snow Leopard represents a 65, 536 byte file as " 66 KB ", rounding to the nearest 1000, while Microsoft Windows 7 would divide by 1024 and represent this as " 64 KB ".

The Mac OS X 10. 6 file manager is a notable example of this usage in software.

* Execute ( X ): If the file is a program, the subject can cause the program to be run.

The 10. 2 Mac OS X Server release includes updated Open Directory user and file management, which with this release is based on LDAP, beginning the deprecation of the NeXT-originated NetInfo architecture.

The 10. 3 Mac OS X Server release includes updated Open Directory user and file management, which with this release is based on LDAP, beginning the deprecation of the NeXT-originated NetInfo architecture.

All versions of Apple's operating systems had the same behaviour, until Mac OS X version 10. 6, which now uses Megabytes for all file and disk sizes, so it reports a 10 < sup > 6 </ sup > byte file as 1 MB.

When audio from an audio CD is imported by dragging to the Mac OS X Desktop, the resulting file is also an AIFF-C / sowt.

Note: As of Mac OS X version 10. 4. 9, the system will sometimes incorrectly display the AIFC icon for files with the. aif extension, whether or not the actual file format is AIFF or AIFF-C.

The system utility fsck ( for " file system check ") is a tool for checking the consistency of a file system in Unix and Unix-like operating systems, such as Linux and Mac OS X.

Applications for Mac OS X are often delivered online as an Apple Disk Image containing a file system that includes the application, documentation for the application, and so on.

As of Mac OS X 10. 5 and later, there is a special-E or -- extended-attributes switch which allows retaining much of the HFS file metadata when syncing between two machines supporting this feature.

Currently, OS X does support resource forks on Windows SMB shares by creating a hidden file in the same directory with the data fork file, with the characters “. _ ” at the beginning of the file name.

In those cases, OS X stores metadata and resource forks using a technique called AppleDouble, in which the data fork is written as one file, and the resource fork and metadata are written as an entirely separate file preceded by a “. _ ” naming convention.

Compatibility problems can arise because OS X will handle storage of resource forks differently, depending on OS X version, settings, and file system type.

This solution is used on Microsoft Windows for instance, and similar solutions are used with the X Window System, although the resources are often left as a separate file.