CRTs can emit a small amount of X-ray radiation as a result of the electron beam's bombardment of the shadow mask / aperture grille and phosphors.

In order to construct their model of DNA, Watson and Crick made use of information from unpublished X-ray diffraction images of Franklin's ( shown at meetings and freely shared by Wilkins ), including preliminary accounts of Franklin's results / photographs of the X-ray images that were included in a written progress report for the King's College laboratory of Sir John Randall from late 1952.

To accomplish these goals, the spacecraft was equipped with an X-ray / gamma ray spectrometer, a near-infrared imaging spectrograph, a multi-spectral camera fitted with a CCD imaging detector, a laser rangefinder, and a magnetometer.

The X-ray luminosity ( L < sub > x </ sub >) over the range 1. 5 – 12 keV was 6 × 10 < sup > 31 </ sup > W ( 6 × 10 < sup > 38 </ sup > erg / s ).

For a satellite or space probe to qualify as a deep space X-ray astronomer / explorer or " astronobot "/ explorer, all it needs to carry aboard is an XRT or X-ray detector and leave Earth orbit.

There are inherent difficulties in making X-ray / optical, X-ray / radio, and X-ray / X-ray identifications based solely on positional coincidents, especially with handicaps in making identifications, such as the large uncertainties in positional determinants made from balloons and rockets, poor source separation in the crowded region toward the galactic center, source variability, and the multiplicity of source nomenclature.

The production of X-rays by a bolt of lightning was theoretically predicted as early as 1925 but no evidence was found until 2001 / 2002, when researchers at the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology detected X-ray emissions from an induced lightning strike along a wire trailed behind a rocket shot into a storm cloud.

The similarities between the emissions of X-ray binaries such as HDE 226868 / Cygnus X-1 and active galactic nuclei suggests a common mechanism of energy generation involving a black hole, an orbiting accretion disk and associated jets.

The GOES spacecraft have carried a X-Ray Sensor ( XRS ) which measures the flux from the whole solar disk in two bands-0. 05 to 0. 4 nm and 0. 1 to 0. 8 nm since 1974, a X-ray imager ( SXI ) since 2004, a magnetometer which measures the distortions of the Earth ’ s magnetic field due to space weather, a whole disk EUV sensor since 2004, and particle sensors ( EPS / HEPAD ) which measure ions and electrons in the energy range of ( 50 keV to 500 MeV ).

* 04 / 04 / 07: X-ray Satellites Catch Magnetar in Gigantic Stellar ' Hiccup '

Several condensed matter experiments involve scattering of an experimental probe, such as X-ray and optical photons, neutrons etc., off constituents of a material.

Although much of the optical and X-ray emission from supernova remnants originates from ionized gas, a great amount of the radio emission is a form of non-thermal emission called synchrotron emission.

Multiwavelength X-ray, infrared, and optical compilation image of Johannes Kepler | Kepler's supernova remnant, SN 1604.

In the Crab Nebula X-ray spectrum there are three features that differ greatly from Scorpius X-1: its spectrum is much harder, its source diameter is in light-years ( ly ) s, not astronomical units ( AU ), and its radio and optical synchrotron emission are strong.

Its overall X-ray luminosity rivals the optical emission and could be that of a nonthermal plasma.

The initial burst is usually followed by a longer-lived " afterglow " emitted at longer wavelengths ( X-ray, ultraviolet, optical, infrared, microwave and radio ).

Little information was available to verify these models until the 1997 detection of the first X-ray and optical afterglows and direct measurement of their redshifts using optical spectroscopy, and thus their distances and energy outputs.

Swift is equipped with a very sensitive gamma ray detector as well as on-board X-ray and optical telescopes, which can be rapidly and automatically slewed to observe afterglow emission following a burst.

According to the report, there were aircraft components factories ; a poison gas factory ( Chemische Fabrik Goye and Company ); an anti-aircraft and field gun factory ( Lehman ); an optical goods factory ( Zeiss Ikon AG ); as well as factories producing electrical and X-ray apparatus ( Koch & Sterzel AG ); gears and differentials ( Saxoniswerke ); and electric gauges ( Gebrüder Bassler ).

He set up laboratories and libraries to make the department a center of research in X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, magnetic properties of matter, optical spectroscopy, wireless, and unified field theories.

This image combines optical data from Hubble ( in red ) and X-ray images from Chandra X-ray Observatory ( in blue ).

Astronomers organized a large observing campaign which included every available ground-based ( e. g. CCD optical photometry ) and space observatory, including major observations with the Hubble Space Telescope, the Chandra X-ray Observatory, the INTEGRAL Gamma-ray space observatory, and the Very Large Telescope.

Such excess emission has been observed in the radio, infrared, optical, ultra-violet, X-ray and gamma ray wavebands.

They show optical nuclear continuum emission, narrow and ( sometimes ) broad emission lines, ( sometimes ) strong nuclear X-ray emission and sometimes a weak small-scale radio jet.

They always show strong optical continuum emission, X-ray continuum emission, and broad and narrow optical emission lines.

Thus they show strong optical continuum emission, broad and narrow emission lines, and strong X-ray emission, together with nuclear and often extended radio emission.

* Mixed-morphology ( also called " thermal composite ") remnants, in which central thermal X-ray emission is seen, enclosed by a radio shell.

The project covers construction of curtain walls, composite panels, asphalt road, a treatment plant with a capacity of a day, complete mechanical heating, ventilation and electrical systems along with the X-ray security, luggage handling, master clock, and flight information systems.

After these theoretical considerations, constructional details of a fiber-coupled, double-stage X-ray image intensifier will be discussed.

Chest X-ray showing a tumor in the left lung ( right side of the image )

The first brain image of an individual with psychosis was completed as far back as 1935 using a technique called pneumoencephalography ( a painful and now obsolete procedure where cerebrospinal fluid is drained from around the brain and replaced with air to allow the structure of the brain to show up more clearly on an X-ray picture ).

The Chandra X-ray Observatory | Chandra X-ray image is of the quasar PKS 1127-145, a highly luminous source of X-rays and visible light about 10 billion light years from Earth.

Each X-ray diffraction image represents only a slice, a spherical slice of reciprocal space, as may be seen by the Ewald sphere construction.

As a result, the term X-ray is metonymically used to refer to a radiographic image produced using this method, in addition to the method itself.

A Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy | lithotriptor machine is seen in an Operating theater | operating room ; other equipment is seen in the background, including an Anaesthetic machine | anesthesia machine and a X-ray image intensifier # Mobile Fluoroscopic System AKA " portable C-arm " | mobile fluoroscopic system ( or " C-arm ").

This image shows the Crab Nebula in various energy bands, including a hard X-ray image from the HEFT data taken during its 2005 observation run.

The high-energy focusing telescope ( HEFT ) is a balloon-borne experiment to image astrophysical sources in the hard X-ray ( 20 – 100 keV ) band.

This is an image of the instrument called the Proportional Counter Array on the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer ( RXTE ) satellite.

Classified as a Peculiar star, Eta Carinae exhibits a superstar at its center as seen in this image from Chandra X-ray Observatory.

Jeffreys had a " eureka moment " in his lab in Leicester after looking at the X-ray film image of a DNA experiment at 9: 05 am on Monday 10 September 1984, which unexpectedly showed both similarities and differences between the DNA of different members of his technician's family.

X-ray image of human chest, with ribs labelled

Digital geometry processing is used to generate a three-dimensional image of the inside of an object from a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation.

The idea is based on simple principles of projective geometry: moving synchronously and in opposite directions the X-ray tube and the film, which are connected together by a rod whose pivot point is the focus ; the image created by the points on the focal plane appears sharper, while the images of the other points annihilate as noise.

By reconstructing the image, this instrument could get an X-ray picture of a nail surrounded by a circle of other nails, which made it impossible to X-ray from any single angle.

The first production X-ray CT machine ( in fact called the " EMI-Scanner ") was limited to making tomographic sections of the brain, but acquired the image data in about 4 minutes ( scanning two adjacent slices ), and the computation time ( using a Data General Nova minicomputer ) was about 7 minutes per picture.

Spectroscopic image resolution levels of 200 nm or below has been achieved on latest imaging XPS instruments using synchrotron radiation as X-ray source.