The first layer of Ysgard, also known as Ysgard or Gladsheim, takes the form of rivers of earth ( or " earthbergs ") stretching across the sky.

The realm of Asgard on the first layer of Ysgard is the home of the Norse gods Odin, Frigga, Frey, Freya, Idun, and secondary realms of Loki and Tyr.

Muspelheim, the second layer of Ysgard, is similar to the first layer of that plane in that it is made up of shifting rivers of earth that form vast arches through the sky.

Unlike the first layer ( Ysgard ), the earth here is covered in lava and flames as hot as the Elemental Plane of Fire.

The layer of Ysgard is the location of a number of godly realms, including Olidammara's realm of Winesong, Frey's realm of Alfheim, Selûne and Soma's shared realm of Gates of the Moon, Surtr and Thrym's realm of Jotunheim, Bast's realm of Merratet, Anhur's realm of Netaph, Branchala's realm of Soul of Music, realm of the Vanir ( Frey, Freya, Noatun, and Ullr ) Vanaheim, Hachiman and O-Kuni-Nushi's realm of Kenyama, and Shou Hsing's realm the Orchard of Immortality.

Nidavellir is the third layer of Ysgard, a subterranean realm of caves and underground passages.

Yggdrasil touches the Beastlands, Niflheim, the three layers of Ysgard, Limbo, and Elysium, as well as many other locations.

Ysgard is a place of raw elements, where rivers of earth, ice, and fire crash together in the howling sky ; a place where waves crash in wild oceans.

Ysgard is the Outer Plane of Chaotic Neutral / Chaotic Good alignment in the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game.

The theme of Ysgard is the glory of heroic, individual struggle.

Ysgard is also a plane of inspiration and creativity.

As an outer plane, Ysgard is spatially infinite, further consisting of three infinite layers ( or sub-planes ).

Ysgard is well known for its heavy connections to the plane-spanning tree Yggdrasil, the World Ash.

Ysgard is derived from the realm of Asgard in Norse mythology.

The elven gods are thought to have invaded from the plane of Ysgard, hungry for a realm of their own.

Fearsome giants dwell in Ysgard, mighty enough to challenge the gods themselves.

Portals in Ysgard are wells in the earth.

The wandering realm of the Seelie Court often appears on the plane of Ysgard, always in a different location.

They've moved their base of operations to Ysgard, but have otherwise changed little in their methods.

They've moved their base of operations to Ysgard, but have otherwise changed little in their methods.

The AMPAS was originally conceived by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio boss Louis B. Mayer as a professional honorary organization to help improve the film industry ’ s image and help mediate labor disputes.

The International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences defines psychological altruism as " a motivational state with the goal of increasing another ’ s welfare ".

Psychological altruism is contrasted with psychological egoism, which refers to the motivation to increase one ’ s own welfare.

One way is a sincere expression of Christian love, " motivated by a powerful feeling of security, strength, and inner salvation, of the invincible fullness of one ’ s own life and existence ".

Another way is merely " one of the many modern substitutes for love, ... nothing but the urge to turn away from oneself and to lose oneself in other people ’ s business.

* David Firestone-When Romney ’ s Reach Exceeds His Grasp-Mitt Romney quotes the song

" Swift extends the metaphor to get in a few jibes at England ’ s mistreatment of Ireland, noting that " For this kind of commodity will not bear exportation, and flesh being of too tender a consistence, to admit a long continuance in salt, although perhaps I could name a country, which would be glad to eat up our whole nation without it.

George Wittkowsky argued that Swift ’ s main target in A Modest Proposal was not the conditions in Ireland, but rather the can-do spirit of the times that led people to devise a number of illogical schemes that would purportedly solve social and economic ills.

In response, Swift ’ s Modest Proposal was " a burlesque of projects concerning the poor ", that were in vogue during the early 18th century.

Critics differ about Swift ’ s intentions in using this faux-mathematical philosophy.

Charles K. Smith argues that Swift ’ s rhetorical style persuades the reader to detest the speaker and pity the Irish.

Swift ’ s specific strategy is twofold, using a " trap " to create sympathy for the Irish and a dislike of the narrator who, in the span of one sentence, " details vividly and with rhetorical emphasis the grinding poverty " but feels emotion solely for members of his own class.

Swift ’ s use of gripping details of poverty and his narrator ’ s cool approach towards them create " two opposing points of view " that " alienate the reader, perhaps unconsciously, from a narrator who can view with ' melancholy ' detachment a subject that Swift has directed us, rhetorically, to see in a much less detached way.

Once the children have been commodified, Swift ’ s rhetoric can easily turn " people into animals, then meat, and from meat, logically, into tonnage worth a price per pound ".

Swift uses the proposer ’ s serious tone to highlight the absurdity of his proposal.

In making his argument, the speaker uses the conventional, text book approved order of argument from Swift ’ s time ( which was derived from the Latin rhetorician Quintilian ).

James Johnson argued that A Modest Proposal was largely influenced and inspired by Tertullian ’ s Apology: a satirical attack against early Roman persecution of Christianity.

Johnson notes Swift ’ s obvious affinity for Tertullian and the bold stylistic and structural similarities between the works A Modest Proposal and Apology.

He reminds readers that " there is a gap between the narrator ’ s meaning and the text ’ s, and that a moral-political argument is being carried out by means of parody ".

The family was one of the first to be recognized as a distinct group in Jacques Daleschamps ’ 1586 Historia generalis plantarum.

With Robert Morison ’ s 1672 Plantarum umbelilliferarum distribution nova it became the first group of plants for which a systematic study was published.

With curtailment of the MCC funding, the European Union may replace the US as Armenia ’ s chief source of foreign aid for the first time since independence.

During the first 11 months of 2006, the volume of Armenia ’ s trade with Russia was $ 376. 8 million or 13. 2 percent of the total commercial exchange.

The first such application was Sabine ’ s groundbreaking work in architectural acoustics, and many others followed.

* According to a note of Isaac de Beausobre ’ s, Jean Hardouin accepted the first three of these, taking the four others for the initials of the Greek anthrōpoussōzōn hagiōi xylōi, “ saving mankind by the holy cross .”

Vipsania Agrippina was Agrippa ’ s first daughter and first child from his first marriage to Pomponia Caecilia Attica.

Vipsania Marcella was Agrippa ’ s second child from his second marriage to Augustus ’ first niece and the paternal cousin of Julia the Elder, Claudia Marcella Major.

Her mother ’ s marriage to Agrippa was her second marriage, as Julia the Elder was widowed from her first marriage, to her paternal cousin Marcus Claudius Marcellus and they had no children.

Livia was the first Roman Empress and was Augustus ’ third wife ( from Livia ’ s first marriage to praetor Tiberius Nero, she had two sons: the emperor Tiberius and the general Nero Claudius Drusus.

After the Circus Games, Caligula ordered written evidence of the court cases from Tiberius ’ treason trials to be brought to the Forum to be burnt, first being the cases of Agrippina and her two sons.

Germanicus ’ father, Drusus the Elder, was the second son of the Empress Livia Drusilla by her first marriage to praetor Tiberius Nero, and was the Emperor Tiberius ’ s younger brother and Augustus ’ s stepson.

In the first years of Claudius ’ reign, Claudius was married to the infamous Empress Valeria Messalina.

In the first months of Nero ’ s reign Agrippina controlled her son and the Empire.

They were well received by the king, George III of Georgia, whose anonymous sister had probably been Andronikos ’ first wife.

Early evidence of such practices appears as markings on bones and cave walls, which show that lunar cycles were being noted as early as 25, 000 years ago ; the first step towards recording the Moon ’ s influence upon tides and rivers, and towards organizing a communal calendar.

A plant ’ s first line of defense against abiotic stress is in its roots.