Yuan Kay-Shan's brother eventually was invited to teach in Vietnam, where he founded the Nguyễn Tế-Công branch ( Vietnam WingChun 永春 ) branch of the art.

Over the years, Yuan Kay-Shan and Shum Lung spent much time together, and under Yuan Kay-Shan's guidance, Shum Lung continued to refine and polish his Wing Chun by passing all of his knowledge of the Wing Chun Kuen.

With Yuan Kay-Shan's passing in 1956, Shum Nung named the style Yuen Kay San Wing Chun Kuen, in honor and memory of his teacher.

The Song Dynasty was the first to issue generally circulating paper currency, while the Yuan Dynasty was the first to use notes as the predominant circulating medium.

The DPP became the largest party having reached a plurality in the Legislative Yuan for the first time in 2002 following the 2001 legislative election.

The first known example is Yuan Huangtou in 550AD.

During the late 13th century and first half of the 14th century, Chinese under the Mongol-controlled Yuan Dynasty were not allowed to enter higher posts of government ( reserved for Mongols or other ethnic groups from Central Asia ), and the Imperial examination was ceased for the time being.

The northern provinces had remained loyal to the Emperor, and hoping to avoid a civil war, Sun Yat-Sen – already proclaimed " provisional president " by his supporters – had come to a compromise with the Emperor's key ally Yuan Shikai ( 1859 – 1916 ); the monarchy would be abolished, and Late Imperial China would be converted into a new Republic of China, but it would be the royalist Yuan and not the revolutionary Sun who would become its first President.

Chinese Islamic cuisine is another important component of Beijing cuisine, and was first prominently introduced when Beijing became the capital of the Yuan Dynasty.

The first reliable scholarly reference to rockets in China occurs in the Ko Chieh Ching Yuan ( The Mirror of Research ), which states that in 998 AD a man named Tang Fu invented a rocket of a new kind having an iron head.

* May 18 – The first Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China officially convenes in Nanking.

* In 919, the first use of gunpowder in battle occurred with the Chinese Battle of Lang-shan Jiang ( Wolf Mountain River ), where the naval fleet of the Wen-Mu-King defeated Chien Yuan Kuan because Wen had used ' fire oil ' ( huo yóu, 火油 ) of gunpowder-fuse ignited flamethrowers to burn Chien's fleet.

* Some 50, 000 leaders and citizens of the Southern Song Dynasty of China become the first recorded inhabitants of Macau, as they seek refuge from the invading armies of the Yuan Dynasty.

* 1274 – November 20 – The Yuan Dynasty under Kublai Khan attempts the first of several invasions of Japan ; after capturing outlying islands, the Yuan forces are repulsed on the main island at the Battle of Bun ' ei by amassed Japanese warriors and a strong storm which batters their forces and fleet.

* 1277 – Leaders and some 50, 000 citizens of the Southern Song Dynasty of China become the first recorded inhabitants of Macau, as they seek refuge from the invading forces of the Yuan Dynasty.

* After years of begging and being a Buddhist monk, the penniless Chinese peasant Zhu Yuanzhang joins the Red Turban Rebellion against the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty of China ; he will later become the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty.

* November 20 – Kublai Khan's Yuan Dynasty attempts the first of several invasions of Japan ( 30, 000 soldiers and support personnel sails from Korea ); after the Mongols capture outlying islands, they are repulsed on the main island at the Battle of Bun ' ei by amassed Japanese warriors and a strong storm which batters their forces and fleet.

Sun Ce complied, but first convinced Cao Cao to form a coalition against Yuan Shu, of which Liu Bei and Lü Bu were members.

Wang Zhengjun ( 71 BCE – 13 CE ) was first empress, then empress dowager, and finally grand empress dowager during the reigns of the Emperors Yuan ( r. 49 – 33 BCE ), Cheng ( r. 33 – 7 BCE ), and Ai ( r. 7 – 1 BCE ), respectively.

The general Ma Yuan created the world's first known raised-relief map from rice in the 1st century CE.

The first written account of using medicine and entomology to solve ( separate ) criminal cases is attributed to the book of Xi Yuan Lu ( translated as " Washing Away of Wrongs "), written in Song Dynasty China by Song Ci ( 宋慈, 1186 – 1249 ) in 1248.

As an ally of Li Hongzhang, Yuan was appointed the commander of the first New army in 1895.

As the officer most directly responsible for training China's first modernized army, Yuan gained significant political influence and the loyalty of a nucleus of young officers: by 1901, five of China's seven divisional commanders and most other senior military officers in China were his protégés.

The revolutionaries had elected Sun Yat-Sen as the first Provisional President of the Republic of China, but they were in a weak position militarily, so they negotiated with the Qing, using Yuan as an intermediary.

Although he trained and organized one of China's first modern armies and introduced far-ranging modernisations in law and social areas, the loyalty Yuan had fostered among his armed forces split into warlords after his death, undermining the authority of the central government.

The martial arts student Chen Zhen returns to Jingwu School to marry his fiancée Yuan Le-erh.

Initially a student of Wing Chun instructor Cheung Bo at the Tin Hoi restaurant, Cheung introduced Shum to Yuan at a young age to further his training after Yuen was inpressed with the young boy's dedication.

Around the same time, Yuan Da Ying falls for Zhan Jie Er, a scholarship student who reminds him of his childhood friend Gu Gu Ji.

Teachers in the USA include Fong Ha of Berkeley, CA ( student of Han Xing Yuan ), Andrew Plack ( Han Shi Yi Quan ), Glenn Pasion ( Han Shi Yi Quan ) of Hawaii, Sifu Gregory Fong of Portland, Oregon, Sifu John Koo of Portland, Oregon, and Master Wang Ren Gang ( 王仁刚, Queens, NY.

He is commonly said to have been a nephew of Qu Yuan, but no reliable biographical information is available ( He is also said to have been a student of Qu Yuan ).

* 1332 – Rinchinbal Khan, Emperor Ningzong of Yuan becomes the Khagan of the Mongols and Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, reigning for only 53 days.

Yuan Huangtou was the only one who survived from this flight, as he glided over the city-wall and fell at Zimo segment of Ye safely, but he was later executed.

He collaborated with Liu Bei on this effort, but Cao Cao soon found out about the plot and had Dong Cheng and his conspirators executed, with only Liu Bei surviving and fleeing to join Yuan Shao in the north.

Both the Qing court and Yuan were fully aware that the Beiyang Army was the only Qing force powerful enough to quell the revolutionaries.

Zaifeng, forced to resign his regency, made way for Yuan to compose a newly created, predominantly Han Chinese Cabinet of confidants, consisting of only one Manchu, who held the position of Minister of Suzerainty.

To further reward Yuan's loyalty to the court, the Empress Dowager Longyu offered Yuan the noble title Marquis of the First Rank ( 一等侯 ), an honour only previously given to General Zeng Guofan.

In the 2001 Legislative Yuan election, the party only won 1 seat in Kinmen.

Although sometimes referred to as a " parliament ", the Legislative Yuan, under Sun's political theory, is a branch of government, while only the National Assembly of the Republic of China ( now abolished ), with the power to amend the constitution and formerly to elect the President and Vice President, could be considered a parliament.

Under Yuan Shao's leadership, eighteen warlords form a coalition force in a campaign against Dong Zhuo, but undermined by poor leadership and conflict of interest, they only manage to drive Dong from Luoyang to Chang ' an.

By the time of the Yuan Dynasty ( 1271 – 1368 ) all knowledge of the game of Liubo had been lost, and it is only with the archeological discoveries of recent years that the game has become better known.

Zen Buddhism played a large role in spreading not only religious but also artistic influences, especially those derived from painting of the Chinese Song ( 960-1279 ), Yuan, and Ming dynasties.

First, not only did the Crown Prince Party cause some resentment among the general public, but they also caused resentment within the vast major of Party members who did not have a powerful relative ; for example, Chen Yuan, son of Chen Yun ; and Chen Haosu, son of Chen Yi lost their election in Beijing and had to be transferred to other positions.

Yuan became increasingly disrespectful of the dynasty and only loyal to the party from which he benefited ; his defection to Cixi against Guangxu Emperor was a major blow to the Hundred Days Reform.

Yuan kept a tight grip on the command of the army after its establishment by installing officials only loyal to him ; however, after his death in 1916, the army groups were quickly fragmented into four major forces of combative warlords, according to the locations of garrisons.

He defeated the Mamluk army at the Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar in 1299, but was only briefly able to occupy Syria, due to distracting raids from the Chagatai Khanate, under its de facto ruler Kaidu, who was at war with both the Ilkhans and the Yuan Dynasty.

( Lady Zhen gave birth to Cao Pi's eldest son Cao Rui only eight months later — which created murmurs that Cao Rui might have been biologically Yuan Xi's son and not Cao Pi's, although the possibilities appeared farfetched.

Yuan Shao used Guo Tu's idea and sent Zhang He and Gao Lan to lead his main army to attack Cao Cao's main camp at Guandu, while only sending a small cavalry unit to reinforce Wuchao.

Yuan Shao himself fled north across the Yellow River with only about 800 cavalry, which was what was left of his army.

Order was restored only when Yuan Shao reached the camp of his general Jiang Yiqu, from where he gathered his straggling troops.

The Maoist interpretation, while taking note of Yuan Shao's serious errors of judgement, advocates that the strong enemy will make fateful errors, while the weaker opponent need only to await their appearance.

The Chuci collection consists primarily of poems ascribed to Qu Yuan ( 329-299 BCE ) and his follower Song Yu, although in its present form the anthology dates to Wang I's 158 CE compilation and notes, which are the only historically reliable source of both the text and information regarding its composition.

They decided to use the help of Yuan Shikai, who had a modernised army, albeit only 6, 000-strong.

According to Qing scholar Wei Yuan, 40 % of the 600, 000 Zunghar people were killed by smallpox, 20 % fled to Russia or Kazakh tribes, and 30 % were killed by the army, in what Clarke described as " the complete destruction of not only the Zunghar state but of the Zunghars as a people.

Horvitz and his colleague Junying Yuan found in 1993 that the protein encoded by the ced-3 gene is cysteine protease with similar properties to the mammalian interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme ( ICE ) ( now known as caspase 1 ), which at the time was the only known caspase.