Included in the expansion during this period was the slow growth of exchanges built and operated by rural Zemstva, which were treated essentially as private concessionaires by the Imperial government.

Apollo was born on the seventh day () of the month Thargelion — according to Delian tradition — or of the month Bysios — according to Delphian tradition.

Alfred Habdank Skarbek Korzybski () ( July 3, 1879 – March 1, 1950 ) was a Polish-American philosopher and scientist.

Alfred Bernhard Nobel ( äl ' fred bern ' härd nōbel ') () ( 21 October 1833 – 10 December 1896 ) was a Swedish chemist, engineer, innovator, and armaments manufacturer.

In the Hebrew Bible and the Qur ' an, Aaron ( or ; Ahărōn, Hārūn, Greek ( Septuagint ): Ααρών ), who is often called "' Aaron the Priest "' () and once Aaron the Levite () ( Exodus 4: 14 ), was the older brother of Moses, ( Exodus 6: 16-20, 7: 7 ; Qur ' an 28: 34 ) and a prophet of God.

Anbar () was a town in Iraq, at lat.

Alcuin of York () or Ealhwine, nicknamed Albinus or Flaccus ( 730s or 740s – 19 May 804 ) was an English scholar, ecclesiastic, poet and teacher from York, Northumbria.

According to the Bible, Absalom or Avshalom () was the third son of David, King of Israel with Maachah, daughter of Talmai, King of Geshur.

After this deed he fled to Talmai, the king of Geshur () ( see also or ), his maternal grandfather, and it was not until three years later that he was fully reinstated in his father's favour and finally returned to Jerusalem.

Albert Alcibiades () ( 28 March 1522 – 8 January 1557 ) was a Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, also known as Brandenburg-Bayreuth.

The stone was given its name by Theophrastus, a Greek philosopher and naturalist, who discovered the stone along the shore line of the river Achates () sometime between the 4th and 3rd centuries BC.

Agesilaus II, or Agesilaos II () ( 444 BC – 360 BC ) was a king of Sparta, of the Eurypontid dynasty, ruling from approximately 400 BC to 360 BC, during most of which time he was, in Plutarch's words, " as good as thought commander and king of all Greece ," and was for the whole of it greatly identified with his country's deeds and fortunes.

Ajax () was a Greek mythological hero, son of Oileus, the king of Locris.

The ' far-away light ' () is a reference to St Elmo's Fire, an electrical discharge supposed by ancient Greek mariners to be an epiphany of the Dioscuri, but the meaning of the line was obscured by gaps in the papyrus until reconstructed by a modern scholar — such reconstructions are typical of the extant poetry ( see Scholars, fragments and sources below ).

Alcamenes () was an ancient Greek sculptor of Lemnos and Athens, who flourished in the 2nd half of the 5th century BC.

In Greek mythology, Alcmene or Alcmena () was the mother of Heracles.

Alexander () was tagus or despot of Pherae in Thessaly, and ruled from 369 BC to 358 BC.

In On Fate Alexander denied three things-necessity (), the foreknowledge of fated events that was part of the Stoic identification of God and Nature, and determinism in the sense of a sequence of causes that was laid down beforehand () or predetermined by antecedents ().

Alexander Aetolus () was a Greek poet and grammarian, the only known representative of Aetolian poetry.

He was born at Thurii ( in present day Calabria, Italy ) in Magna Graecia and taken early to Athens, where he became a citizen, being enrolled in the deme Oion () and the tribe Leontides.

Alexios II Komnenos or Alexius II Comnenus () ( 10 September 1169 – 24 September 1183, Constantinople ), Byzantine emperor ( 1180 – 1183 ), was the son of Emperor Manuel I Komnenos and Maria, daughter of Raymond, prince of Antioch.

The term " Almoravid " comes from the Arabic " al-Murabitun " () which is the plural form of " al-Murabit " literally meaning " One who is tying " but figuratively means " one who is ready for battle at a fortress ".

Alexandra () is the feminine form of the given name Alexander, which is a romanization of the Greek name Αλέξανδρος ( Alexandros ).

As defined by Arrhenius, acid – base reactions are characterized by Arrhenius acids, which dissociate in aqueous solution to form hydrogen ions (), and Arrhenius bases, which form hydroxide () ions.

County Fermanagh () ( or " men of the monks ") is the only one of six counties that form Northern Ireland to not adjoin Lough Neagh.

Coercion () is the practice of forcing another party to act in an involuntary manner ( whether through action or inaction ) by use of threats or intimidation or some other form of pressure or force.

It is possible that Da () ( which became Attic De ()), is the Doric form of Ge (), " earth "; the old name of the chthonic earth-goddess and Demeter is " Mother-Earth ".

The Greek word Πάσχα and hence the Latin form Pascha is derived from Hebrew Pesach () meaning the festival of Passover.

In Unicode, the character U + 03F5 " Greek lunate epsilon symbol " () is provided specifically for the lunate form.

In TeX, () denotes the lunate form, while () denotes the inverted-3 form.

() is a form of personal adornment, such as brooches, rings, necklaces, earrings, and bracelets.

Kwashiorkor () is an acute form of childhood protein-energy malnutrition characterized by edema, irritability, anorexia, ulcerating dermatoses, and an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates.

She notes that while the first four notes of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony () form a meme widely replicated as an independent unit, one can regard the entire symphony as a single meme as well.

Mandarin dialects, particularly the Beijing dialect, form the basis of Standard Chinese, which is also referred to as " Mandarin ", Pǔtōnghuà () or Guóyǔ ().

It is called Nicene () because, in its original form, it was adopted in the city of Nicaea ( İznik in what is now Turkey ) by the first ecumenical council, which met there in the year 325.

In geometry a polygon () is a flat shape consisting of straight lines that are joined to form a closed chain or

The Roman Kingdom () was the period of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a monarchical form of government of the city of Rome and its territories.

Science () is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe .< ref >"... modern science is a discovery as well as an invention.

Steganography () is the art and science of writing hidden messages in such a way that no one, apart from the sender and intended recipient, suspects the existence of the message, a form of security through obscurity.

In modern times, the city has been known by its Ottoman Turkish name Üsküp () during the time of Ottoman rule and by the Serbian form Skoplje ( Скопље ) during the time of the Royal Yugoslavia between 1912 and 1941.

The decimal form of this fraction () is an infinitely long, periodically repeating decimal, as is its reciprocal.

The Jig () is a form of lively folk dance in compound meter, as well as the accompanying dance tune.