Employers were not bound by the same anti-discriminatory legislature that exists now and tended to gravitate toward individuals with more American names.

During the second half of the 20th century, politically motivated linguistic prescription recommended by various advocacy groups had considerable influence on language use in the context of political correctness, imposing special rules for anti-sexist, anti-racist or generically anti-discriminatory language ( e. g. " people-first language " as advocated by disability rights organizations ).

This legislation marked a new departure in anti-discriminatory efforts and, reinforced by a series of measures taken by the Rocard government in 1989, brought an end to wage differentials hidden by different job descriptions.

The Rocard Government also raised the minimum wage while spending a lot of money on the wages of public sector employees, particularly tax collectors, postal workers, transport workers, and nurses, Expenditure on culture was significantly increased, while a law was passed ( the Evin Act ) to regulate smoking in public places, together with the anti-discriminatory Gayssot Act.

Since the advent of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989 ( children defined as under 18 ), almost every country ( except the U. S. & Somalia ) in the world has become voluntarily legally committed to advancing an anti-discriminatory stance towards young people of all ages.

The anti-discriminatory Professional Equality Law ( 1983 ), which defined equality between men and women " in sweeping terms " required all businesses to furnish statistics on the situation of women in the workplace.

: Teachers must be aware of themselves as practitioners and as human beings if they wish to teach students in a non-threatening, anti-discriminatory way.

While Tawes was publicly neither strongly for or against discrimination, Maryland became the first state to enact of public accommodations laws under his administration, and he also directed the state government and its contractors to conduct anti-discriminatory hiring practices.

Despite the lip service paid by local governments, the anti-secrecy statutes have been continuously subverted by reservations and rationalizations.

In England a number of statutes on the subject have been passed, the chief being the Bastardy Act of the Parliament of 1845, and the Bastardy Laws Amendment Acts of 1872 and 1873.

Bede dedicated this work to Cuthbert, apparently a student, for he is named " beloved son " in the dedication, and Bede says " I have laboured to educate you in divine letters and ecclesiastical statutes " Another textbook of Bede's is the De orthographia, a work on orthography, designed to help a medieval reader of Latin with unfamiliar abbreviations and words from classical Latin works.

Common law systems place great weight on court decisions, which are considered " law " with the same force of law as statutes — for nearly a millennium, common law courts have had the authority to make law where no legislative statute exists, and statutes mean what courts interpret them to mean.

British colonists were considered to have brought English common law as well as applicable English statutes with them.

Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, India, Belize, and various Caribbean and African nations have adopted English common law through reception statutes although they do not inevitably continue to copy English Common Law ; later cases can often draw on decisions in other Common Law jurisdictions.

The law allows the university to appoint a rector in any way, but the university statutes determine that the rector magnificus must be an active professor at the university ( and must have been that before being appointed rector ); in practice the rector is always a former department dean.

There is no private right of action of action under the FTC rule for franchisor violation of the rule, but fifteen or more of the states have passed statutes that provide this right of action to franchisees when fraud can be proven under these special statutes.

While the observance of these statutes would have and do lead to several health benefits, Jewish belief commands that these rituals and prohibitions be kept purely to fulfill the will of God with no ulterior motive.

Likewise, at the state ratifying conventions, over two dozen delegates in at least seven states indicated that under the Constitution, the federal courts would have the power to declare statutes unconstitutional.

Alexander Hamilton asserted in Federalist No. 78 that under the Constitution, the federal courts would have not just the power, but the duty, to examine the constitutionality of statutes:

The opponents to ratification, known as Anti-federalists, agreed that the federal courts would have the power to declare statutes unconstitutional, but were concerned that this would give the federal courts too much power.

However, certain statutes continued to have application only in one of the two territories.

In the common law tradition, courts decide the law applicable to a case by interpreting statutes and applying precedent which record how and why prior cases have been decided.

Decisions of the lower federal courts ( i. e. the federal circuit courts and district courts ) are not binding on any state courts, meaning that interpretations of certain federal statutes can and occasionally have diverged depending upon whether the forum is state or federal.

Following the FDA ’ s standards, a number of states have, at various times, enacted their own statutes that serve as mandates for various forms of macaroni and noodle products that may be produced or sold within their borders.

In addition to the above common law claims, many states have enacted consumer protection statutes providing for specific remedies for a variety of product defects.

Subsequent to the development of the Shoe Doctrine, states have enacted so-called long-arm statutes, by which courts in a state can serve process and thus exercise jurisdiction over a party located outside the state.

The autonomies statutes in Spain have the rank of " Ley Organica ", a category of special laws reserved only for the main institutions and issues and mentioned in the Constitution ( the highest ranking legal instrument in Spain ).

The term codified law refers to statutes that have been organized (" codified ") by subject matter ; in this narrower sense, some but not all statutes are considered " codified.

The first buildings comprised a single court ( now called Old Court ) containing all the component parts of a college — chapel, hall, kitchen and buttery, master's lodgings, students ' rooms — and the statutes provided for a manciple, a cook, a barber and a laundress.

Alleyn drew upon the experience of other similar establishments in order to formulate the statutes and ordinances of the college ( including drawing on the statutes of the already ancient Winchester College and visiting the more contemporary establishments of Sutton's Hospital ( now Charterhouse School ) and Croydon's Hospital ( now Whitgift School )).

Within what is now the Commonwealth of Nations, the Petition was also heavily influential ; through the various statutes which enforced Imperial law, it remains in force in both New Zealand and Australia, as well as the United Kingdom itself.

Queen Elizabeth frequently visited her scholars, although she never signed the statutes nor endowed her scholarships, and 1560 is now generally taken as the date that the school was " founded ", although legal separation from the Abbey was only achieved with the Public Schools Act 1868.

The second Schaw statutes, a year later, included in their negotiations a representative of the Lodge of Kilwinning ( now Lodge Mother Kilwinning No 0 ) in Ayrshire, which was assigned jurisdiction over the west of Scotland.

On 24 June 1676, during the election of the Sheriffs of the City of London at the Guildhall, linen draper Francis Jenks gave a sensational speech arguing that two statutes from the reign of Edward III required that parliament sit every year, and that by proroguing the Cavalier Parliament until 15 February 1677 ( meaning no session would be held in 1676 at all ), the king had inadvertently dissolved parliament and that the Cavalier Parliament was now legally dissolved.

Between 1949 and 1982, the status of British subject was a common status held by citizens of countries throughout the Commonwealth, and many Commonwealth countries had statutes defining the term " British subject " in their laws, in much the same way as the status of Commonwealth citizen is now defined.

The suffix " and Wales ", now found in statutes and elsewhere, was unilaterally appended by Lord Bingham between 1996 and 2000.

The long premeditated, and now avowed design of the British Government, to raise a revenue from the property of the colonists without their consent, on the gift, grant and disposition of the Commons of Great Britain ; the arbitrary and vindictive statutes passed under color of punishing a riot, to subdue by Military force, and by famine, the Massachusetts Bay ; the unlimited power assumed by parliament to alter the charter of that province, and the constitution of all the colonies, thereby destroying the essential securities of the lives, liberties and properties of the colonists ; the commencement of hostilities by the ministerial forces, and the cruel prosecution of the War against the people of the Massachusetts Bay, followed by General Gage's proclamation, declaring almost the whole of the Inhabitants of the united colonies, by name or description, rebels and traitors are sufficient causes to arm a free people in defence of their liberty, and to justify resistance, no longer dictated by prudence merely, but by necessity, and leave no alternative but base submission or manly opposition to uncontroulable tyranny.

In the 15th century, statutes in the region of La Morra ( in what is now the Barolo zone ) demonstrated the high esteem that the Nebbiolo vine had in the area.

Major areas of law – particularly administrative law, contract law, equity and trust law, property law and tort law – are largely judge-made, though certain aspects have now been modified to some extent by statutes.

Major portions of Singapore law, particularly contract law, equity and trust law, property law and tort law, are largely judge-made, though certain aspects have now been modified to some extent by statutes.

Some 34 states now appear to have statutes providing for mechanic's liens on personal property.

The latest version of the statutes and ordinances are now available online at the Cambridge University web site.

This dispatch included statutes that also allowed the formation of what is now the modern shipbuilding industry in Portugal.

So in 1837, for example, we find his name among the six radical Lords wanting to pursue an urgent enquiry into the statutes of the Oxbridge colleges, on the grounds, among others, that the colleges were " of very ancient foundation, and many of their statutes, contemplating a state of society very different from the present, and a religion other than that now established, are totally inapplicable to the present times, and impossible to be observed.

Short titles were introduced because the titles of statutes ( now commonly known as long titles ) had become so long that they were no longer a useful means of citation.

The first was that most of the factual situations that might otherwise have been criminal public nuisances, had now been covered by statutes.

The Lords agreed that, as a matter of practice, all alleged offences falling within the remit of statutes would now be charged under those statutes.