Caliph is translated from the Arabic word khalifa ( /) meaning " successor ", " substitute ", or " lieutenant ".

In 715 the Umayyads led by the Caliph al-Walid I, rebuilt the Temple's nearby Chanuyot into a mosque ( see illustrations and detailed drawing ) which they named al-Masjid al-Aqsa المسجد الأقصى, the al-Aqsa Mosque or in translation " the furthest mosque ", corresponding to the Islamic belief of Muhammad's miraculous nocturnal journey as recounted in the Qur ' an and hadith.

Around 970 Ibrāhīm ibn Ya ` qūb, envoy of the Caliph of Córdoba, reported that in Pomerania was a large port " with twelve gates ", whose armed force is superior to " all peoples of the north ".

After the fall of the Ottoman dynasty as Emperors of the Ottoman State ( Padishahan-i Devlet-i Aliyye-i Osmaniyye in Ottoman Turkish ), Abdulmecid II ( 1922 ) still was proclaimed Caliph with the title Halife (" Caliph ", in modern Turkish ) by the Turkish Nationalist Assembly of the city of Ankara on November 19th 1922.

* In Cairo, Dar al-Hikmah, the " House of Wisdom ", was another name of the House of Knowledge, founded by the Fatimid Caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah in 1004.

In Western literature he has been referred to as the " Mad Caliph ", primarily as a result of the Fatimid desecration of Jerusalem in 1009, though this title is disputed as stemming from partisan writings by some historians ( such as Willi Frischauer and Heinz Halm ).

The Wazirin Sakkwato, or " Sokoto Grand Vizier ", was the Grand Vizier to the Sultan of Sokoto ( also incorrectly called Caliph ) of the Fulani Empire, in fact rather suzerain of the Fulani Jihad states.

At this time, McMurtry decided to restore the Order by invoking his emergency orders from Crowley which gave him authority ( subject to Karl Germer's approval ) to " take charge of the whole work of the Order in California to reform the Organization ", and he assumed the title " Caliph of O. T. O .," as specified in Crowley's letters to McMurtry from the 1940s.

3rd reign: Al-Nasir Muhammad had on his coins the following remarkable titles which are unique in Mamluk's history: " al-Sultan al-Malik al-Nasir Nasir al-Din wa al-Donia ( The Sultan King al-Nasir triumphant in faith and temporal world ) ", " al-Sultan al-Malik al-Azam ( The Greatest Sultan King )", " al-Sultan al-Malik Nasir al-Donya wa al-Din Qasim Amir al-Mu ' amimin ( The Sultan King triumphant in temporal world and in faith, the one who shares with the Emir of faithfuls ( the Caliph ))".

Another Caliph is Al-Nasir, the Abbasid Caliph, notable to his contribution on starting the tradition of dressing the Kaaba with one Kiswah at a time, instead of the now out dated " Accumulation Kiswah ", the process of putting new kiswahs on the older one.

" We believe that the ability to perceive other people's actions as meaningful is critical for altruism ", said lead study investigator Dharol Tankersley.

He thought that certain uses of the verb " to be ", called the " is of identity " and the " is of predication ", were faulty in structure, e. g., a statement such as, " Elizabeth is a fool " ( said of a person named " Elizabeth " who has done something that we regard as foolish ).

It was said to have been named after the Greek town of Aegae, or after Aegea, a queen of the Amazons who died in the sea, or Aigaion, the " sea goat ", another name of Briareus, one of the archaic Hecatonchires, or, especially among the Athenians, Aegeus, the father of Theseus, who drowned himself in the sea when he thought his son had died.

Into this book he incorporated his view of " the violent male type ", which he described as a " man who had to be right ", a man who " instantly attracts women " and who he said were the men who " run the world ".

For Lamprias had said that the first articulate sound made is " alpha ", because it is very plain and simple — the air coming off the mouth does not require any motion of the tongue — and therefore this is the first sound that children make.

Also, in " The Erymanthian Boar ", a character is said to have been turned out of Austria by the Nazis, implying that the events of The Labours of Hercules took place after 1937.

While Miss Marple is described as ' an old lady ' in many of the stories, her age is mentioned in " At Bertram's Hotel ", where it is said she visited the hotel when she was 14 and almost 60 years have passed since then.

Aphrodite is usually said to have been born near Paphos, on the island of Cyprus, for which reason she is called " Cyprian ", especially in the poetic works of Sappho.

In English-language works, it is sometimes said that Arians believe that Jesus is or was a " creature ", in the sense of " created being ".

" Eleanor Audeley ", wife of Sir John Davies, is said to have been brought before the High Commission in 1634 for extravagances, stimulated by the discovery that her name could be transposed to " Reveale, O Daniel ", and to have been laughed out of court by another anagram submitted by Sir John Lambe, the dean of the Arches, " Dame Eleanor Davies ", " Never soe mad a ladie ".

Such an act may be referred to as an " act of hubris ", or the person committing the act may be said to be hubristic.

Their raids throughout the three parts of Gaul were traumatic: Gregory of Tours ( died ca 594 ) mentions their destructive force at the time of Valerian and Gallienus ( 253 – 260 ), when the Alemanni assembled under their " king ", whom he calls Chrocus, who " by the advice, it is said, of his wicked mother, and overran the whole of the Gauls, and destroyed from their foundations all the temples which had been built in ancient times.

Shortly before its final " flowering ", the changes in a single minute of the Blight's life are said to exceed those of 10, 000 years of human civilization.

Le Guin's ansible was said to communicate " instantaneously ", but other authors have adopted the name for devices only capable of finite-speed communication, although still faster than light.

He points out that Shrine 261 is not strictly analogous to the Ark of the Covenant: it can only be said that the Anubis Shrine is " ark-like ", constructed of wood, gilded and gessoed, stored within a sacred tomb, " guarding " the treasury of the tomb ( and not the primary focus of that environment ), that it contains compartments within it that store and hold sacred objects, that it has a figure of Anubis on its lid, and that it was carried by two staves permanently inserted into rings at its base and borne by eight priests in the funerary procession to Tutankhamun's tomb.

" I couldn't believe it when the FBI put me on their list ", he said.

* Santa Claus also known as Saint Nicholas, Father Christmas and simply " Santa ", is a figure with legendary, mythical, historical and folkloric origins who, in many western cultures, is said to bring gifts to the homes of the good children during the late evening and overnight hours of Christmas Eve, December 24.

According to D. C. Congressional Delegate Eleanor Holmes Norton, Hill's treatment by the panel also contributed to the large number of women elected to Congress in 1992, " women clearly went to the polls with the notion in mind that you had to have more women in Congress ", she said.

In one paragraph he wrote: " The laws of this country will of course, be introduced in South Wales, and there is one that I would wish to take place from the moment his Majesty's forces take possession of the country: That there can be no slavery in a free land, and consequently no slaves ", and he meant what he said.

Upon his return, the Buddha says, among other things, that Pasenadi is " a friend of virtue, acquainted with virtue, intimate with virtue ", while the opposite is said of the aggressor, King Ajatasattu.

Although some speculate that it is related to Latin algēre, " be cold ", there is no known reason to associate seaweed with temperature.

German words with umlaut would further be alphabetized as if there were no umlaut at all — contrary to Turkish which allegedly adopted the German graphemes ö and ü, and where a word like tüfek, " gun ", would come after tuz, " salt ", in the dictionary.

In a chapter-long essay reprinted in In Search of Wonder, entitled " Cosmic Jerrybuilder: A. E. van Vogt ", Knight famously remarked that van Vogt " is no giant ; he is a pygmy who has learned to operate an overgrown typewriter.

" A person ranking at 7 on the scale would be a person who says " I know there is no God ..." Dawkins places himself at 6 on the scale, which he characterizes as " I cannot know for certain but I think God is very improbable, and I live my life on the assumption that he is not there ", but leaning toward 7.

The name " argon " is derived from the Greek word αργον meaning " lazy " or " the inactive one ", a reference to the fact that the element undergoes almost no chemical reactions.

Although discomforts are made part of certain Jewish conceptions of the afterlife, the concept of " eternal damnation ", so prevalent in other religions, is no tenet of the Jewish afterlife.

" It is only a question of cards and time ", wrote Henry Babbage in 1888, "... and there is no reason why ( twenty thousand ) cards should not be used if necessary, in an Analytical Engine for the purposes of the mathematician ".

Puttenham, in the time of Elizabeth I of England, wished to start from Elissabet Anglorum Regina ( Elizabeth Queen of the English ), to obtain Multa regnabis ense gloria ( By thy sword shalt thou reign in great renown ); he explains carefully that H is " a note of aspiration only and no letter ", and that Z in Greek or Hebrew is a mere SS.

The mens rea for assault is simply " evil intent ", although this has been held to mean no more than that assault " cannot be committed accidentally or recklessly or negligently " as upheld in Lord Advocate's Reference No 2 of 1992 where it was found that a " hold-up " in a shop justified as a joke would still constitute an offence.

He assumed the title of Alfonso XII, for although no King of united Spain had borne the name " Alfonso XI ", the Spanish monarchy was regarded as continuous with the more ancient monarchy represented by the 11 kings of Asturias, León and Castile also named Alfonso.

Among Classical Greeks, amazon was given a popular etymology as from a-mazos, " without breast ", connected with an etiological tradition that Amazons had their left breast cut off or burnt out, so they would be able to use a bow more freely and throw spears without the physical limitation and obstruction ; there is no indication of such a practice in works of art, in which the Amazons are always represented with both breasts, although the left is frequently covered ( see photos in article ).

It is referred to colloquially as " the Queen's English ", " Oxford English " and " BBC English ", although by no means all who live in Oxford speak with such accent and the BBC does not require or use it exclusively.

" Among the Oxford Group practices AA retained were informal gatherings, a " changed-life " developed through " stages ", and working with others for no material gain.

When Thomas Hobbes wrote that " the Papacy is no other than the ghost of the deceased Roman Empire sitting crowned upon the grave thereof ", he was promulgating an enormously important truth.

If no address is provided, one is picked at random from the " base subnet ", 0.

Similar viewpoints have been expressed by Stanley Crouch in a New York Daily News piece, Charles Steele, Jr. of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and African-American columnist David Ehrenstein of the LA Times who accused white liberals of flocking to blacks who were " Magic Negros ", a term that refers to a black person with no past who simply appears to assist the mainstream white ( as cultural protagonists / drivers ) agenda.

In the late 9th-century Anglo-Saxon Chronicle ( around four hundred years after his time ) Ælle is recorded as being the first bretwalda, or " Britain-ruler ", though there is no evidence that this was a contemporary title.

For this reason many people refer to any 625 / 25 type signal as " PAL " and to any 525 / 30 signal as " NTSC ", even when referring to digital signals, for example, on DVD-Video which don't contain any analog color encoding, thus no PAL or NTSC signals at all.

" The words " Is, or Bee, or Are, and the like " add no meaning to an argument nor do derived words such as " Entity, Essence, Essentially, Essentiality ", which " are the names of nothing " but are mere " Signes " connecting " one name or attribute to another: as when we say, A man, is, a living body, wee mean not that the Man is one thing, the Living Body another, and the Is, or Being another: but that the Man, and the Living Body, is the same thing ;...." " Metaphysiques ," Hobbes says, is " far from the possibility of being understood " and is " repugnant to naturall Reason.

" By 1923 however, Gropius was no longer evoking images of soaring Romanesque cathedrals and the craft-driven aesthetic of the " Völkisch movement ", instead declaring " we want an architecture adapted to our world of machines, radios and fast cars.