de Klerk allows the African National Congress to function legally and promises to release Nelson Mandela.

Frederik Willem de Klerk ( born 18 March 1936 ), often known as F. W. de Klerk, was the seventh and last State President of apartheid-era South Africa, serving from September 1989 to May 1994. de Klerk was also leader of the National Party ( which later became the New National Party ) from February 1989 to September 1997.

The name ' de Klerk ' ( literally meaning " the clerk " in Dutch ) is derived from Le Clerc, Le Clercq, and de Clercq and is of French Huguenot origin, as are a great number of other Afrikaans surnames, reflecting the French Huguenot refugees who settled in the Cape beginning in the 17th century alongside the Dutch, after they escaped religious persecution in France.

de Klerk noted that he is of Dutch descent, with an Indian ancestor.

Born in Johannesburg to Johannes " Jan " de Klerk and Hendrina Cornelia Coetzer-" her forefather was a Kutzer who stems from Austria ".

In 1948, the year when the NP swept to power in whites-only elections on an apartheid platform, F. W. de Klerk's father, Johannes " Jan " de Klerk, became secretary of the NP in the Transvaal province and later rose to the positions of cabinet minister and President of the Senate, becoming interim State President in 1975.

de Klerk matriculated from Monument High School in Krugersdorp.

de Klerk graduated in 1958 from the Potchefstroom University with BA and LL. B degrees ( the latter cum laude ).

Following graduation, de Klerk practised law in Vereeniging in the Transvaal.

", as he became popularly known, was first elected to the House of Assembly in 1969 as the member for Vereeniging, and entered the cabinet in 1978. de Klerk had been offered a professorship of administrative law at Potchefstroom in 1972 but he declined the post because he was serving in Parliament.

Frederik de Klerk and Nelson Mandela shake hands at the Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum held in Davos in January 1992.

As Minister of National Education, de Klerk was a supporter of segregated universities, and as a leader of the National Party in Transvaal, he was not known to advocate reform.

In Mandela: The Authorised Biography Sampson accuses de Klerk of permitting his ministers to build their own criminal empires.

In 1992, de Klerk held a whites-only referendum, with the result being an overwhelming " yes " vote to continue negotiations to end apartheid.

In 1990, de Klerk gave orders to end South Africa's nuclear weapons programme ; the process of nuclear disarmament was essentially completed in 1991.

But there is nothing we can do to stop Soviet Russia from granting de facto recognition to East Germany.

but the subsequent analysis of characteristics is reported only for the de jure population ( or, in some districts, only the de facto population ).

The inclination here is to accept a de facto cease-fire in Laos, rather than continue to insist on a verification of the cease-fire by the international control commission before participating in the Geneva conference.

To understand the past history -- and the future potential -- of American Catholic higher education, it is necessary to appreciate the special character of the esprit de corps of the religious community.

Alain Connes (; born 1 April 1947 ) is a French mathematician, currently Professor at the Collège de France, IHÉS, The Ohio State University and Vanderbilt University.

During this time most of what is known as ethnologie was restricted to museums, such as the Musée de l ' Homme founded by Paul Rivet, and anthropology had a close relationship with studies of folklore.

The most important French social theorist since Foucault and Lévi-Strauss is Pierre Bourdieu, who trained formally in philosophy and sociology and eventually held the Chair of Sociology at the Collège de France.

A trial de novo is usually available for review of informal proceedings conducted by some minor judicial tribunals in proceedings that do not provide all the procedural attributes of a formal judicial trial.

If a party is dissatisfied with the finding of such a tribunal, one generally has the power to request a trial " de novo " by a court of record.

AFI FEST is the only film festival in the US to hold FIAPF ( Fédération Internationale des Associations de Producteurs de Films ) accreditation.

It is an Ethiopian name of the Ge ‘ ez script, ’ ä bu gi da, taken from four letters of that script the way abecedary derives from Latin a be ce de.

Since in practice it is not worth contrasting a zero probability with one that is nearly indistinguishable from zero, he prefers to categorize himself as a " de facto atheist ".

The mal de mer – it is horrible suffering!

* 1315 – Enguerrand de Marigny is hanged on the public gallows at Montfaucon.

* 1513 – Edmund de la Pole, Yorkist pretender to the English throne, is executed on the orders of Henry VIII.

* 1538 – Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada.

It was won by Georges Bouton of the De Dion-Bouton Company, in a car he had constructed with Albert, the Comte de Dion, but as he was the only competitor to show up it is rather difficult to call it a race.

Armenia's economy is highly anticompetitive with government-connected individuals enjoying de facto monopolies over the import and distribution of basic commodities and foodstuffs, and under-reporting revenue to avoid paying taxes.

With de Broglie's suggestion of the existence of electron matter waves in 1924, and for a short time before the full 1926 Schrödinger equation treatment of hydrogen like atom, a Bohr electron " wavelength " could be seen to be a function of its momentum, and thus a Bohr orbiting electron was seen to orbit in a circle at a multiple of its half-wavelength ( this historically incorrect Bohr model is still occasionally taught to students ).

The current leader is Roger Chartier, who is Directeur d ' Études at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales in Paris, Professeur in the Collège de France, and Annenberg Visiting Professor of History at the University of Pennsylvania.

Casa Batlló () is a building restored by Antoni Gaudí and Josep Maria Jujol, built in 1877 and remodelled in the years 1904 – 1906 ; located at 43, Passeig de Gràcia ( passeig is Catalan for promenade or avenue ), part of the Illa de la Discòrdia ( the " Block of Discord ") in the Eixample district of Barcelona, Spain.

Hayek visited Chile in the 1970s and 1980s during the Government Junta of general Augusto Pinochet and accepted being named Honorary Chairman of the Centro de Estudios Públicos, the think tank formed by the economists who transformed Chile into a free market economy.

* Honorary Member of the Club de Santander Palomar

* Honorary Member of the Instituto de Estudios da Marinha, Portugal

Current Honorary Life Members include Wasim Akram, Mike Atherton, Dickie Bird, Sir Ian Botham, Keith Bradshaw, Aravinda de Silva, Andy Flower, Sunil Gavaskar, Sachin Tendulkar, Adam Gilchrist, David Gower, Sir Richard Hadlee, Inzamam-ul-Haq, Rachael Lady Heyhoe-Flint, Nasser Hussain, Glenn McGrath, Sir John Major, Henry Olonga, Barry Richards, Sir Vivian Richards, Sir Garfield Sobers, Hashan Tillakaratne, Michael Vaughan, Shane Warne and Waqar Younis.

* François Christophe de Kellermann, Duke of Valmy ( 1737 – 1820 ), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 ( Honorary )

* Dominique Catherine de Pérignon, Marquis of Grenade ( 1754 – 1818 ), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 ( Honorary )

* Honorary Citizen of Rio de Janeiro, June 2006.

* Honorary Doctorate in Social and Human Sciences from Candido Mendes University, Rio de Janeiro, June 2006.

Anne, duc de Montmorency, Honorary Knight of the Garter ( 15 March 1493, Chantilly, Oise – 12 November 1567, Paris ) was a French soldier, statesman and diplomat.

lectureship, 1946 – 51 ; Committee Summer Instructor, 1953 – 54 ; Steele Prize, 1985, American Mathematical Society ; American National Council Teachers of Mathematics, London Mathematical Society ( Honorary ), Swiss Mathematics Society ( Honorary ), Académie des Sciences de Paris ( Foreign Associate ); New York Academy of Sciences.

De Baillet-Latour was elected IOC President after the founder of the modern Olympic Movement, Pierre de Coubertin, became Honorary President in 1925.

* Honorary Doctorate of Arts, Instituto Superior de Arte, Cuba, 14 May 2012

The President remains involved in international development, and is a member of the Club de Madrid, an organization that works to strengthen democratic leadership and governance worldwide and the International Honorary Council of the European Academy of Diplomacy.

A survivor from the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp where she lost part of her family, she is the Honorary President of the Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Shoah.

Advent Children received the Honorary Maria Award at the Festival Internacional de Cinema de Catalunya on October 15, 2005.

* In 1990 named Honorary Ambassador to the United Nations by UN Secretary-General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar.

* 2003: Honorary Doctor, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ( EPFL )

Bietak has been elected to several scholarly institutions: Foreign Honorary Member of the Archaeological Institute of America ; Full Member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences ; Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy ; Full Member of German Archaeological Institute ; Membre titulaire de l ' Institut d ' Égypte ; Foreign Fellow of the Royal Swedish Academy of Letters ; Membre associé de l ' Institut de France: Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres ; Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries ; Foreign Member of the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences in Göteborg ; Foreign Member of the Polish Academy of Sciences.

He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences as well as Honorary Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects, the American Institute of Architects, the Académie d ' Architecture de France and the European Academy of Sciences and Arts.