de Klerk allows the African National Congress to function legally and promises to release Nelson Mandela.

Frederik Willem de Klerk ( born 18 March 1936 ), often known as F. W. de Klerk, was the seventh and last State President of apartheid-era South Africa, serving from September 1989 to May 1994. de Klerk was also leader of the National Party ( which later became the New National Party ) from February 1989 to September 1997.

The name ' de Klerk ' ( literally meaning " the clerk " in Dutch ) is derived from Le Clerc, Le Clercq, and de Clercq and is of French Huguenot origin, as are a great number of other Afrikaans surnames, reflecting the French Huguenot refugees who settled in the Cape beginning in the 17th century alongside the Dutch, after they escaped religious persecution in France.

de Klerk noted that he is of Dutch descent, with an Indian ancestor.

Born in Johannesburg to Johannes " Jan " de Klerk and Hendrina Cornelia Coetzer-" her forefather was a Kutzer who stems from Austria ".

In 1948, the year when the NP swept to power in whites-only elections on an apartheid platform, F. W. de Klerk's father, Johannes " Jan " de Klerk, became secretary of the NP in the Transvaal province and later rose to the positions of cabinet minister and President of the Senate, becoming interim State President in 1975.

de Klerk matriculated from Monument High School in Krugersdorp.

de Klerk graduated in 1958 from the Potchefstroom University with BA and LL. B degrees ( the latter cum laude ).

Following graduation, de Klerk practised law in Vereeniging in the Transvaal.

", as he became popularly known, was first elected to the House of Assembly in 1969 as the member for Vereeniging, and entered the cabinet in 1978. de Klerk had been offered a professorship of administrative law at Potchefstroom in 1972 but he declined the post because he was serving in Parliament.

Frederik de Klerk and Nelson Mandela shake hands at the Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum held in Davos in January 1992.

As Minister of National Education, de Klerk was a supporter of segregated universities, and as a leader of the National Party in Transvaal, he was not known to advocate reform.

In Mandela: The Authorised Biography Sampson accuses de Klerk of permitting his ministers to build their own criminal empires.

In 1992, de Klerk held a whites-only referendum, with the result being an overwhelming " yes " vote to continue negotiations to end apartheid.

In 1990, de Klerk gave orders to end South Africa's nuclear weapons programme ; the process of nuclear disarmament was essentially completed in 1991.

Cause of all this commotion: squat, pug-nosed, balding, hopelessly ugly Jean-Pierre Bravado, a Bogartian figure, who plays a sadistic, amoral, philosophic Tasti-Freeze salesman in old New-Waver Fredrico de Mille Rossilini's endlessly provocative film, A Sour Sponge.

If this trade should be resumed, the habitants who had come to be farmers or artisans, and soldiers discharged from the army, must be hardened to the severe life of coureurs de bois.

Maria Tallchief and Erik Bruhn, who danced the `` Nutcracker '' pas de deux, were also seen in the Petipa-Minkus pas de deux from `` Don Quixote '', another brilliant showpiece that displayed their technical prowess handsomely.

The most important French social theorist since Foucault and Lévi-Strauss is Pierre Bourdieu, who trained formally in philosophy and sociology and eventually held the Chair of Sociology at the Collège de France.

Portuguese explorer Paulo Dias de Novais founded Luanda in 1575 as " São Paulo de Loanda ", and the region developed as a slave trade market with the help of local Imbangala and Mbundu peoples who were notable slave hunters.

When Coleridge travelled to Chamonix, he declaimed, in defiance of Shelley, who had signed himself " Atheos " in the guestbook of the Hotel de Londres near Montenvers, " Who would be, who could be an atheist in this valley of wonders ".

Among well known ( generally non-kabbalist or anti-kabbalist ) Rabbis who rejected the idea of reincarnation are Saadia Gaon, David Kimhi, Hasdai Crescas, Yedayah Bedershi ( early 14th century ), Joseph Albo, Abraham ibn Daud, the Rosh and Leon de Modena.

de Pompadour, Louis XV's mistress, who was considered the most powerful woman in France at the time.

Arau appeared in the 1972 Mexican film El rincón de las vírgenes (" The Virgins ' Corner "), where he played the assistant of a fake mystical doctor traveling from town to town, who reminisce about their travels, when a group of women decide to propose the doctor for sainthood.

The current leader is Roger Chartier, who is Directeur d ' Études at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales in Paris, Professeur in the Collège de France, and Annenberg Visiting Professor of History at the University of Pennsylvania.

Aimoin, who died about 1010, must be distinguished from Aimoin, a monk of Saint-Germain-des-Pres, who wrote De miraculis sancti Germani, and a fragment De Normanorum gestis circa Parisiacam urbem et de divine in eos ultione tempore Caroli calvi.

A late account by Rudolph de Novamagia refers to Albertus ' encounter with the Blessed Virgin Mary, who convinced him to enter Holy Orders.

Marie de Coucy, who became mother of Alexander III of Scotland

In Peru and Rio de la Plata many powerful figures proposed an American Monarchy such as those who wanted an independent Peruvian king of the still alive Inca Royal House, and those who requested a Prince of the Spanish house of Bourbon to come and rule directly in Lima, Mexico City or Bogota, as the Portuguese House of Orleans-Braganza had done in Rio de Janeiro.

* Infanta Maria Cristina Teresa Alejandra Guadalupe Maria de la Concepción Vittoria Eugenia of Spain ( 1911 – 1996 ), who married Enrico Eugenio Marone-Cinzano, 1st Conte Marone-Cinzano.

Naples, which was held by Alfonso's brother, Pedro de Aragon, was besieged in 1424 by the Genoese ships and Joan's troops, now led by Francesco Sforza, son of Muzio ( who had died at L ' Aquila ).

Alfonso had been in love with a woman of noble family named Lucrezia d ' Alagno, who served as a de facto queen at the Neapolitan court as well as an inspiring muse.

In Tabriz, André de Longjumeau met with a monk from the Far East, named Simeon Rabban Ata, who had been put in charge by the Khan of protecting the Christians in the Middle-East.

That such deficiencies existed within Ptolemy's theory was not discovered de novo by Copernicus.

I replied in the affirmative, taking out my recently acquired titre d'identite et de voyage, on which was stamped a permission to leave France.

It was Giselle, the fille de chambre, come to clean the room, and while she stood before him with ears pricked up and regard all curiosity, explaining her errand, Alex could see from the corner of his eye the doctor doing all he could to calm the displeased bird.

`` That was the fille de chambre, the one you thought couldn't get the eggs out.

The distinction between domiciled ( de jure ) and present ( de facto ) population was not clearly defined.

The Istiqlal was still firmly united in 1957, but the P.D.I. ( Parti Democratique de l'Independance ), the most important minor party at the time, objected to the Istiqlal's predominance in the civil service and influence in Radio Maroc.

At the central level the scrutin uninominal voting system was selected over some form of the scrutin de liste system, even though the latter had been recommended by Duverger and favored by all political parties.

There was the Arc de Triomphe and the Tour d'Eiffel -- I was no yokel, but I was young, and this was Paris!!

During this time most of what is known as ethnologie was restricted to museums, such as the Musée de l ' Homme founded by Paul Rivet, and anthropology had a close relationship with studies of folklore.

The term android was used in a more modern sense by the French author Auguste Villiers de l ' Isle-Adam in his work Tomorrow's Eve ( 1886 ).

A resident alien owed allegiance even when the protection of the Crown was withdrawn owing to the occupation of an enemy, because the absence of the Crown's protection was temporary and involuntary ( de Jager v Attorney-Geneneral of Natal AC 326 ).

It was won by Georges Bouton of the De Dion-Bouton Company, in a car he had constructed with Albert, the Comte de Dion, but as he was the only competitor to show up it is rather difficult to call it a race.

Count Jules-Albert de Dion was first into Rouen after 6 hours and 48 minutes at an average speed of 19 km / h.

de Pompadour's favorite artist and was commissioned by her for numerous paintings and decorations.

With de Broglie's suggestion of the existence of electron matter waves in 1924, and for a short time before the full 1926 Schrödinger equation treatment of hydrogen like atom, a Bohr electron " wavelength " could be seen to be a function of its momentum, and thus a Bohr orbiting electron was seen to orbit in a circle at a multiple of its half-wavelength ( this historically incorrect Bohr model is still occasionally taught to students ).

Bloch was highly interdisciplinary, influenced by the geography of Paul Vidal de la Blache ( 1845 – 1918 ) and the sociology of Émile Durkheim ( 1858 – 1917 ).

An eminent member of this school, Georges Duby, wrote in the foreword of his book Le dimanche de Bouvines that the history he taught relegated the sensational to the sidelines and was reluctant to give a simple accounting of events, but strived on the contrary to pose and solve problems and, neglecting surface disturbances, to observe the long and medium-term evolution of economy, society and civilisation.

Braudel's first book, La Méditerranée et le Monde Méditerranéen à l ' Epoque de Philippe II ( 1949 ) ( The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II ) was his most influential.