The result is a network based on a nominally shared transmission system ; like Ethernet, but in which " client " nodes cannot communicate with each other, only with the server / provider.

A character encoding system consists of a code that pairs each character from a given repertoire with something else — such as a bit pattern, sequence of natural numbers, octets, or electrical pulses — in order to facilitate the transmission of data ( generally numbers or text ) through telecommunication networks or for data storage.

The goal of a good checksum algorithm is to spread the valid corners as far from each other as possible, so as to increase the likelihood that " typical " transmission errors will end up in an invalid corner.

Harry Nyquist's 1924 paper, Certain Factors Affecting Telegraph Speed, contains a theoretical section quantifying " intelligence " and the " line speed " at which it can be transmitted by a communication system, giving the relation, where W is the speed of transmission of intelligence, m is the number of different voltage levels to choose from at each time step, and K is a constant.

For the benefit of reducing network complexity, the intelligence in the network is purposely mostly located in the end nodes of each data transmission, cf.

Each pixel of an LCD typically consists of a layer of molecules aligned between two transparent electrodes, and two polarizing filters, the axes of transmission of which are ( in most of the cases ) perpendicular to each other.

In such a network, the minimal latency is the sum of the minimum latency of each link, plus the transmission delay of each link except the final one, plus the forwarding latency of each gateway.

Some manufacturers created systems that allowed their own equipment to interconnect, but each scheme used a different transmission rate, so one manufacturer's systems could not synchronize with those of another.

A start bit and a stop bit are added to each byte, so a MIDI byte requires ten bits for transmission, of which only seven contain MIDI data.

For added security, secret numbers could be combined with ( usually modular addition ) each code group before transmission, with the secret numbers being changed periodically ( this was called superencryption ).

Amateur Radio operators also had to identify their station callsign at the beginning and the end of each transmission and at ten minute intervals using International Morse Code.

The requirement for Amateur Radio operators in the United States to identify their station callsign at the beginning and the end of each digital transmission and at ten minute intervals using International Morse Code was finally lifted by the FCC on June 15, 1983.

It is likely that many genes are involved, each of small effect and unknown transmission and expression.

13, 15 and 18 speed transmission have the same basic shift pattern, but include a splitter button to access to additional ratios found in each range.

As with other influential inventions such as radio, television, the light bulb, and the computer, there were several inventors who did pioneering experimental work on voice transmission over a wire and improved on each other's ideas.

* 10 March 1876 — The first successful telephone transmission of clear speech using a liquid transmitter when Bell spoke into his device, “ Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you .” and Watson heard each word distinctly.

As an evolutionary biologist and historian of science, Gould accepted biological variability ( the premise of the transmission of intelligence via genetic heredity ), but opposed biological determinism, which posits that genes determine a definitive, unalterable social destiny for each man and each woman in life and society.

There were to be two main cables, one for each direction of transmission.

It has one three-bladed proprotor, turboprop engine, and transmission nacelle mounted on each wingtip.

) to communicate with each other and with fixed transceivers and telephones anywhere in the network, via base stations, even if some of the transceivers are moving through more than one cell during transmission.

This effectively renders the lowest bit of the 8 speech bits unusable for data transmission, and so a 56 kbit / s line used only 7 of the 8 data bits in each sample period to send data, thus giving a data rate of 8000 Hz × 7 bits

Since one cannot completely ignore the bit error-rate of the medium, each switching node needs to implement error detection to avoid wasting bandwidth due to the transmission of erred frames.

Final ratings were made on the basis of a point system which was developed after studying the distributions of actual behaviors recorded and assigning weight values to each type of behavior that was deviant from the discovered norms.

The final step merely uses the table of dictionary usage to select the dictionary information that pertains to each form matched in the text-form list, and uses the list of information cells recorded in text order to attach the appropriate information to each occurrence in text.

Approximately 1½ % should be added to the velocity recorded by a tube anemometer for each 1000 ft ( 5 % for each kilometer ) above sea-level.

* DP — Double plays: one for each double play during which the fielder recorded a putout or an assist.

* TP — Triple play: one for each triple play during which the fielder recorded a putout or an assist

If all four players pass in the first round, the deal is not played ; in rubber bridge the deal is not scored and the hand is redealt by the original dealer, while in duplicate the score is recorded as zero for each pair and returned to the board.

Although each country has made its own adaptations and changes to the format, the contestants are confined to a specially designed house where their every action is recorded by cameras and microphones at all times and they are not permitted to make any contact with the outside world.

In the single entry system, each transaction is recorded only once.

Fulham recorded four record attendances in the 2009 – 2010 season, in their 0 – 1 loss to Arsenal and their 3 – 1, 3 – 0 and 2 – 1 victories over Liverpool, Manchester United and Hamburg SV respectively, each of which drew full capacity crowds.

" How they create their music is described on their website :" each album is written and recorded over the course of a musically immersive seven days, and tells a unique story.

To start the 2007 – 08 campaign, Henrik Zetterberg recorded at least a point in each of Detroit's first 16 games, setting a club record.

For his 1997 release To See You, Connick recorded original love songs, touring the United States and Europe with a full symphony orchestra backing him and his piano in each city.

Likewise, the pitcher is recorded as having given up a hit, a run for each runner that scores including the batter, and an earned run each for the batter and for all baserunners who did not initially reach base on error, except that the runs scored by any runners who reached base while facing an earlier pitcher are charged to that pitcher.

Working there each summer between 1930 and 1935, Kenyon learned from Mortimer Wheeler the discipline of meticulously controlled and recorded stratigraphic excavation.

But although it has colonized a few oceanic islands, vagrant individuals are generally rare ; in the whole of Micronesia for example, the species was only recorded twice each on Guam and Saipan in the Marianas.

These timing issues can cause distortion as recorded tracks lose synchronization with each other, and clicks and pops when sample playback is interrupted.

A minor nuclear war with each country using 50 Hiroshima-sized atom bombs as airbursts on urban areas could produce climate change unprecedented in recorded human history.

Analyses of recorded conversations reveal that roughly 80 – 90 spoken words each day – 0. 5 % to 0. 7 % of all words – are swear words, with usage varying from between 0 % to 3. 4 %.

Measuring which technique can provide the most potential is difficult, as many of the best throws recorded with each technique have been completed by athletes under doping suspicions, or with a record of drug violations.

Using the timing and charge information recorded by each PMT, the interaction vertex, ring direction and flavor of the incoming neutrino is determined.

But the strongest part of their defense was their secondary, led by All-AFL safeties Johnny Robinson and Bobby Hunt, who each recorded 10 interceptions, and defensive back Fred Williamson, who recorded 4.