A quine is a computer program which takes no input and produces a copy of its own source code as its only output.

A quine is a fixed point of an execution environment, when the execution environment is viewed as a function.

For amusement, programmers sometimes attempt to develop the shortest possible quine in any given programming language.

The following Java code demonstrates the basic structure of a quine.

) Intuitively, is a quine, a function that returns its own source code ( Gödel number ), except that rather than returning it directly, passes its Gödel number to and returns the result.

This is also called a quine.

A quine in software programming is a program which produces a new version of itself without any input from the outside.

Suppose we define the quine of a phrase to be the quotation of the phrase followed by the phrase itself.

Upon closer inspection, it can be seen that in fact, the Scheme example above uses a quine, and f ( x ) is actually the quine function itself.

A quine is a special kind of metaprogram that produces its own source code as its output.

Croghan's blunt journal entry records her death, " Alequeapy, ye old quine is dead.

The name " quine " was coined by Douglas Hofstadter, in his popular science book Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid, in the honor of philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine ( 1908 – 2000 ), who made an extensive study of indirect self-reference, and in particular for the following paradox-producing expression, known as Quine's paradox:

Elections for the National assembly are to take place every five years, and the President is automatically the leader of the winning party or coalition.

Playing 34 matches on tour — three of which were not first-class — including the five Tests, they remained unbeaten, winning 27 and drawing only 7.

The side also visited Australia, losing a test but winning five out of the six non-test games.

For the 1966 tour to Australia and New Zealand John Robins became the first Lions Coach, and the trip started off very well for the Lions, who stormed through Australia, winning five non-tests and drawing one ; and most notably defeating Australia in two tests as well.

The Orioles experienced their greatest success from 1964 – 1983, as well as 1996-1997, winning eight Division Championships ( 1969 – 1971, 1973 – 1974, 1979, 1983, 1997 ), six pennants ( 1966, 1969 – 1971, 1979, 1983 ), three World Series Championships ( 1966, 1970, 1983 ), one wild card berth ( 1996 ), and five Most Valuable Player awards ( 3B Brooks Robinson 1964, OF Frank Robinson 1966, 1B Boog Powell 1970 and SS Cal Ripken Jr. 1983 & 1991 ).

An older term for eleven is " six five, no jive " because it is a winning roll.

Detroit repeated as Stanley Cup champions in 1937, winning over the Rangers in the full five games.

The Red Wings went on to capture another Stanley Cup in five games over the Carolina Hurricanes, with Nicklas Lidstrom winning the Conn Smythe Trophy as the playoffs ' MVP.

They took on the vastly improved Chicago Blackhawks in the Conference Finals, winning in five games.

Brazil's Ayrton Senna won the race more times than any other driver, with six victories, winning five races consecutively between 1989 and 1993.

However, at the All-Star break they were 44 – 42, and the NL East was unusually competitive, as all five of its teams had a winning record at the break.

Apart from brake wear in the Porsche and the decision not to change pads so close to the race end, the winning combination was relaxed driving by both GT40 drivers and heroic efforts at the right time by ( at that time Le Mans ' rookie ) Ickx, who won Le Mans five times more in later years.

Nominated for five Academy Awards, winning two, Hackman has also won three Golden Globes and two BAFTAs in a career that spanned five decades.

He played five games in the 1986 World Cup, and was top scorer of the tournament with six goals, winning the Golden Boot, making him the first and to this day only English player to have done so.

* 2009 – Roger Federer wins a record 15th Grand Slam title in tennis, winning a five set match against Andy Roddick at Wimbledon.

Polgár won the double round-robin tournament of four GMs scoring five points in the six games and winning both her games against Short.

Weissmuller was one of the world's fastest swimmers in the 1920s, winning five Olympic gold medals for swimming and one bronze medal for water polo.

Despite the good news off the field, and winning four out of five games to start the season, the Wizards just missed out on a playoff berth with a loss to the New York Red Bulls on the final day, finishing with a 10 – 14 – 8 record.

Nominated five times for a Best Actress Golden Globe, winning once for The Emigrants, Ullmann has also been nominated for the Palme d ' Or, two times for the Academy Award, and two times for a BAFTA Film Award.

These first five films of his career established him, as evidenced in his winning the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role in three consecutive years, 1951 to 1953.

The Senators posted a 99 – 53 record and cruised to the pennant seven games ahead of the New York Yankees, but in the 1933 World Series the Giants exacted their revenge, winning in five games.

Thereafter, until 1998, he dominated the class, winning five consecutive 500 cc World Championships.

In repeated sets of five shots his numbers of bull's-eyes vary.

The numbers of successes on the five individual shots are, then, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1.

While the particular limits of these groupings may seem artificially arbitrary, they do fairly express a corresponding grouping of more variable material, and they eventuate also in five classes, along a similar scale, containing approximately equal numbers of cases, namely 19, 14, 15, 11, 12 in Athabascan.

While most casts have five toes — like all known apes — some casts of alleged Bigfoot tracks have had numbers ranging from two to six.

Issued annually, five numbers 2003-2008.

The player character faces them in large numbers, with the number generally increased when the higher of the game's five difficulty levels is chosen when starting a new game.

If implemented using remainders of Euclidean division rather than subtractions, Euclid's algorithm computes the GCD of large numbers efficiently: it never requires more division steps than five times the number of digits ( base 10 ) of the smaller integer.

In the 1970s there were three generations of automatic telephone exchange equipment in use with four and five digit numbers.

Subsequent to the resolution of the dispute, the Gibraltar telephone numbering plan has been increased to eight digits for land lines, adding a prefix of 200 to the existing Gibtelecom five digit numbers which is required to be dialled from October 2008.

Gygax later looked for innovative ways to generate random numbers, and he used not only common, six-sided dice, but dice of all five platonic solid shapes, which he discovered in a school supply catalog.

While there are no official numbers, LDS Family Services estimates that there are on average four or five members per LDS ward who experience same-sex attraction.

It was fully inflected with five grammatical cases ( nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, and instrumental ), three grammatical numbers ( singular, plural, and dual ) and three grammatical genders ( masculine, feminine, and neuter ).

He takes the slip to the shopkeeper, who opens the drawer marked ' apples ', then he looks up the word ' red ' in a table and finds a colour sample opposite it ; then he says the series of cardinal numbers — I assume that he knows them by heart — up to the word ' five ' and for each number he takes an apple of the same colour as the sample out of the drawer .— It is in this and similar ways that one operates with words —" But how does he know where and how he is to look up the word ' red ' and what he is to do with the word ' five '?

Of the six players with retired numbers, five were retired for their play with the Phillies and one, 42, was universally retired by Major League Baseball when they honored the fiftieth anniversary of Jackie Robinson's breaking the color barrier.

There are five Platonic solids ; their names are derived from their numbers of faces.

The five largest religious groups by population, estimated to account for between 5 and 7 billion people, are Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism ( with the relative numbers for Buddhism and Hinduism dependent on the extent of syncretism ) and Chinese folk religion.

The applause of the audience on the first night resulted in five numbers being encored, seven on 8 May.

Another is his " Inflationary Language ", where he incremented numbers embedded in words, whether they are visible or not (" once upon a time " becomes " twice upon a time ", " wonderful " becomes " twoderful ", " forehead " becomes " fivehead ", " tennis " becomes " elevennis ", " I ate a tenderloin with my fork and so on and so forth " becomes "' I nine an elevenderloin with my five ' k ' and so on and so fifth ").

Their activities were regularly reported in leading newspapers, and their numbers included five future U. S. presidents, from Chester A. Arthur to Theodore Roosevelt.

In traditional computers the program would loop over all million numbers, adding five, thereby executing a million instructions saying.

Decimal fractions had been employed for the extraction of square roots some five centuries before his time, but nobody used decimal numbers in daily life.

Since the late 1990s increasing numbers of women have taken up weight training, influenced by programs like Body for Life ; currently nearly one in five U. S. women engages in weight training on a regular basis.