He also offers a conversion table ( see Cohen, 1988, p. 283 ) for eta squared ( η < sup > 2 </ sup >) where 0. 0099 constitutes a small effect, 0. 0588 a medium effect and 0. 1379 a large effect.

## < tt > SubBytes </ tt >— a non-linear substitution step where each byte is replaced with another according to a lookup table.

In the < tt > SubBytes </ tt > step, each byte in the state is replaced with its entry in a fixed 8-bit lookup table, S ; b < sub > ij </ sub > = S ( a < sub > ij </ sub >).

On systems with 32-bit or larger words, it is possible to speed up execution of this cipher by combining the < tt > SubBytes </ tt > and < tt > ShiftRows </ tt > steps with the < tt > MixColumns </ tt > step by transforming them into a sequence of table lookups.

A round then be done with 16 table lookups and 12 32-bit exclusive-or operations, followed by four 32-bit exclusive-or operations in the < tt > AddRoundKey </ tt > step.

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An alternate form of ( 2 ) – the machine successively prints all n of the digits on its tape, halting after printing the n < sup > th </ sup > – emphasizes Minsky's observation: ( 3 ) That by use of a Turing machine, a finite definition – in the form of the machine's table – is being used to define what is a potentially-infinite string of decimal digits.

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For example, the B < sup > 0 </ sup > meson has a lifetime of 1. 530 ( 9 ) picoseconds, mean decay length is, or a decay width of.

< div style =" border: none ; width: 180px ;">< div class =" thumbcaption "> Ernst Haeckel ( left ) and Eugenius Warming ( right ), two founders of ecology </ div ></ div ></ div >

< div style =" border: none ; width: 375px ;">< div class =" thumbcaption "> Left: Energy flow diagram of a frog.

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When there are only two means to compare, the t-test and the ANOVA F-test are equivalent ; the relation between ANOVA and t is given by F = t < sup > 2 </ sup >.

As an example, the field of real numbers is not algebraically closed, because the polynomial equation x < sup > 2 </ sup > + 1 = 0 has no solution in real numbers, even though all its coefficients ( 1 and 0 ) are real.

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* 1 barn = 10 < sup >− 28 </ sup > square meters.

In the IERS numerical standards, the speed of light in a vacuum is defined as c < sub > 0 </ sub > = in a vacuum, in accordance with the SI units.

The time to traverse an AU is found to be τ < sub > A </ sub > =, resulting in the astronomical unit in metres as c < sub > 0 </ sub > τ < sub > A </ sub > =.

In more general sense, each column is treated as a polynomial over GF ( 2 < sup > 8 </ sup >) and is then multiplied modulo x < sup > 4 </ sup >+ 1 with a fixed polynomial c ( x ) = 0x03 · x < sup > 3 </ sup > + x < sup > 2 </ sup > + x + 0x02.

The end result of antimatter meeting matter is a release of energy proportional to the mass as the mass-energy equivalence equation, E = mc < sup > 2 </ sup > shows.

Under Ambrose's major influence, emperors Gratian, Valentinian II and Theodosius I carried on a persecution of Paganism .< ref name = " MacMullen1984p100 "> MacMullen ( 1984 ) p. 100: ‘ The law of June 391, issued by Theodosius [...] was issued from Milan and represented the will of its bishop, Ambrose ; for Theodosius — recently excommunicated by Ambrose, penitent, and very much under his influence < sup > 43 </ sup > — was no natural zealot.

< http :// find. galegroup. com /‌ gtx /‌ start. do? prodId = EAIM .>.</ ref > Aquaculture involves cultivating freshwater and saltwater populations under controlled conditions, and can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is the harvesting of wild fish.

The U. S. survey acre is about 4, 046. 872 609 874 252 square metres ; its exact value ( m < sup > 2 </ sup >) is based on an inch defined by 1 metre = 39. 37 inches exactly, as established by the Mendenhall Order.

* Given an R-module M, the endomorphism ring of M, denoted End < sub > R </ sub >( M ) is an R-algebra by defining ( r · φ )( x ) = r · φ ( x ).

This is not always the case: the trivial equation x = x specifies the entire plane, and the equation x < sup > 2 </ sup > + y < sup > 2 </ sup > = 0 specifies only the single point ( 0, 0 ).