* Tarhunt vs. Illuyanka ( Hittite )

" Indo-European examples of this mythic trope include Thor vs. Jörmungandr ( Norse ), Tarhunt vs. Illuyanka ( Hittite ), Indra vs. Vritra ( Vedic ), Θraētaona vs. Aži Dahāka ( Zorastrian ), and Zeus vs. Typhon ( Greek ) among others.

According to Hittite myths, one of Teshub's greatest acts was the slaying of the dragon Illuyanka.

In Hittite mythology, Illuyanka was a serpentine dragon slain by Tarhunt (), the Hittite incarnation of the Hurrian god of sky and storm.

" Yam, Judge Nahar " also has similarities with Mesopotamian Tiamat and Abzu and the battle between Yam and Baal ( the Storm God ) resembles the battle in Hurrian and Hittite mythology between the sky God Teshub ( or Tarhunt ) with the serpent Illuyanka.

The creation myth in Hesiod has long been held to have Eastern influences, such as the Hittite Song of Kumarbi and the Babylonian Enuma Elis.

Sarah Morris demonstrated ( Morris 2004 ) that donkeys ' ears were a Bronze Age royal attribute, borne by King Tarkasnawa ( Greek Tarkondemos ) of Mira, on a seal inscribed in both Hittite cuneiform and Luwian hieroglyphs: in this connection, the myth would appear for Greeks, to justify the exotic attribute.

From its first reappearance, the Hittite myth of Illuyankas has been seen as a prototype of the battle of Zeus and Typhon.

The myth of a Storm God fighting a Sea Serpent is itself a popular mythic trope potentially originating with the Proto-Indo-European religion and later transmitted into the religions of the Ancient Near East most likely initially through interaction with Hittite speaking peoples into Syria and the Fertile Crescent.

These myths in turn may derive from an earlier Hittite myth concerning the battle between the Storm God Tarhun and the dragon Illuyankas.

In the Slavic version of the myth, Perun is a god of thunder, whilst Veles acts as a dragon who opposes him, consistent with the Vala etymology ; He is also similar to the Etruscan Underworld-monster Vetha and to the dragon Illuyankas, enemy of the storm god of Hittite mythology.

The most important of these is the myth " The Moon God who fell from the Sky ", written in both Hattic language and Hittite.

This myth was ultimately transmitted into the religions of the Ancient Near East ( most of which belong to the Afro-Asiatic language family ) most likely initially through interaction with Hittite speaking peoples into Syria and the Fertile Crescent.

The Hittite texts were introduced in 1930 by W. Porzig, who first made the comparison of Teshub's battle with Illuyankas with the sky-god Zeus ' battle with serpent-like Typhon, told in Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheke ( I. 6. 3 ); the Hittite-Greek parallels found few adherents at the time, the Hittite myth of the castration of the god of heaven by Kumarbi, with its clearer parallels to Greek myth, not having yet been deciphered and edited.

These texts notably include the myth of The Kingship in Heaven ( also known as the Song of Kumarbi, or the " Hittite Theogony ", CTH 344 ), the Song of Ullikummi ( CTH 345 ), the Kingship of the God KAL ( CTH 343 ), the Myth of the dragon Hedammu ( CTH 348 ), the Song of Silver ( CTH 364 ).

The Song of Kumarbi or Kingship in Heaven is the title given to a Hittite version of the Hurrian Kumarbi myth, dating to the 14th or 13th century BC.

The castration theory has its modern counterpart in suggested parallels found in the castration of Uranus by Cronus and a Hittite myth of the supreme god Anu whose genitals were " bitten off by his rebel son and cup-bearer Kumarbi, who afterwards rejoiced and laughed ... until Anu cursed him ".

However, this story may reflect a cultural influence which had the reverse direction: Hittite cuneiform texts mention a Minor Asian god called Appaliunas or Apalunas in connection with the city of Wilusa attested in Hittite inscriptions, which is now generally regarded as being identical with the Greek Ilion by most scholars.

The first Western literature, including the Hurrian – Hittite literature, the first Greek polis and the two main schools of Ancient Greek philosophy seem to originate in this region.

The earliest attested name is the Hittite Assuwa a region in central-western Anatolia which seems to be connected with the Mycenean Greek epithet a-si-wi-ja in Linear B inscriptions found at Pylos.

Ancient Anatolia is subdivided by modern scholars into various regions named after the various Indo-European ( and largely Hittite, Luwian or Greek speaking ) peoples that occupied them, such as Lydia, Lycia, Caria, Mysia, Bithynia, Phrygia, Galatia, Lycaonia, Pisidia, Paphlagonia, Cilicia, and Cappadocia.

The connection to Phoenician religion claimed by Herodotus I. 105, 131 ) has led to inconclusive attempts at deriving Greek Aphrodite from a Semitic Aštoret, via hypothetical Hittite transmission.

Various types of necked chordophones were in use in ancient Greek, Egyptian ( in the Middle Kingdom ), Hittite, Roman, Bulgar, Turkic, Indian, Chinese, Armenian / Cilician cultures.

Giamonios, the beginning of the summer season, is clearly related to the word for winter, Proto-Indo-European * g ' hei-men-( Latin hiems, Latvian ziema, Lithuanian žiema, Slavic zima, Greek kheimon, Hittite gimmanza ), cf.

Troy VII has been identified with the Hittite Wilusa, the probable origin of the Greek Ἴλιον, and is generally ( but not conclusively ) identified with Homeric Troy.

Hittite: wiyana ; Lycian: oino ; Ancient Greek: oinos ; Aeolic Greek: woinos ).

Chariot warfare and population movements lead to violent changes at the center of the millennium, and a new order emerges with Greek dominance of the Aegean and the rise of the Hittite Empire.

Ahhiyawa or Ahhiya, which occurs a few dozen times in Hittite tablets over the century, is probably Achaiwia, reconstructed Mycenaean Greek for Achaea.

No mention of the Sherden has ever been found in Hittite or Greek legends or documents, suggesting that they did not originate from either sphere of influence.

Examples of this practice can be found in the Bible ( such as David's service to King Saul ), in Hittite and Egyptian art, and in Greek mythology ( such as the story of Hercules and Hylas ), philosophy and literature.

The Phoenician name of the people recalls one of the Homeric names of the Greeks, Danaoi with the-m plural, whereas the Luwian name Hiyawa probably goes back to Hittite Ahhiyā ( wa ), which is, according to most interpretations, the " Achaean ", or Mycenaean Greek, settlement in Asia Minor.

The Greek leader was a man called Attarsiya, and some scholars have speculated that Attarsiya or Attarissiya was the Hittite way of writing the Greek name Atreus.

The Indo-European family is represented by the Iranian branch, which includes Persian, Pashto, and other languages of Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Central Asia ; Indic, which includes Urdu, Hindi, and several state languages of India, Pakistan, and neighboring countries ; Russian in Siberia ; Greek around the Black Sea ; and Armenian ; as well as extinct languages such as Hittite of Anatolia and Tocharian of ( Chinese ) Turkestan.

The island was part of the Hittite Empire as part of the Ugarit Kingdom during the late Bronze Age until the arrival of two waves of Greek settlement.

Other largely extinct Indo-European religions closely allied to the Indian religions, sharing a common history, include Zoroastrianism, ancient Greek, Celtic, Roman, Hittite, Slavic and Norse mythology.

Long used as a Hittite port which appears in Hittite sources as " Sinuwa " ( J. Garstang, The Hittite Empire, p. 74 ), the city proper was re-founded as a Greek colony from the city of Miletus in the 7th century BC ( Xenophon, Anabasis 6. 1. 15 ; Diodorus Siculus 14. 31. 2 ; Strabo 12. 545 ).

If we may believe the transmission of Nicolaus of Damascus who quotes him, Xanthus wrote the name with-ks -, like in the Hittite and Luwian texts ; given that Lydian also belongs to the Anatolian language family, it is possible that Xanthus relied on a local non-Greek tradition according to which Mukšuš was a Luwian.

Amurru's wife is sometimes the goddess Ašratum ( see Asherah ) who in northwest Semitic tradition and Hittite tradition appears as wife of the god Ēl which suggests that Amurru may indeed have been a variation of that god.

Anitta's name appears on an inscription on a dagger found in Kültepe and also, together with the name of his father, on various Kültepe texts, as well as in later Hittite tradition.

According to the Hittite form, after the stipulations were offered to the vassal, it was necessary to include a request to have copies of the treaty that would be read throughout the kingdom periodically.

As Juda bore little to no resemblance to Suppililiuma, Nakia dedicated her life to ensuring that he assumed the Hittite throne by any means necessary.