These Articles ( though no longer binding ) have had an influence on the ethos of the Communion, an ethos reinforced by their interpretation and expansion by such influential early theologians as Richard Hooker, Lancelot Andrewes, John Cosin, and others.

The extreme of Calvinism is hyper-Calvinism, which insists that signs of election must be sought before evangelization of the unregenerate takes place and that the eternally damned have no obligation to repent and believe, and on the extreme of Arminianism is Pelagianism, which rejects the doctrine of original sin on grounds of moral accountability ; but the overwhelming majority of Protestant, evangelical pastors and theologians hold to one of these two systems or somewhere in between.

Recent popes have appointed a few priests, most of them influential theologians, to the College of Cardinals without requiring them to be ordained as bishops ; invariably, these men are over the age of 80, which means they are not permitted to take part in a conclave.

Bellarmine wrote three rejoinders to the Venetian theologians, and may have warned Sarpi of an impending murderous attack.

Contemporary Christian theologians have provided explanations for " born from above " being a more accurate translation of the original Greek word transliterated anōthen.

Some Conservative theologians, like Seymour Siegel have stressed that the word, " Conservative ," must be understood in the way it is used in the British political system: that the laws and traditions have to be conserved or preserved, with changes allowed only when there is an overriding reason — almost always, an overriding ethical reason — to do so.

" Cyril had apparently understood the Greek word physis to mean approximately what the Latin word persona ( person ) means, while most Greek theologians would have interpreted that word to mean natura ( nature ).

In the 20th century, theologians like Jürgen Moltmann, Hans Küng, John Robinson, Bishop David Jenkins, Don Cupitt and Bishop Jack Spong challenged traditional theological positions and understandings of the Bible ; following these developments some have suggested that passages have been mistranslated or that they do not refer to what we understand as " homosexuality.

Many Orthodox theologians believe that all people will have an opportunity to embrace union with God, including Jesus, after their death, and so become part of the Church at that time.

Over the last 100 years some mainstream Christian theologians and Biblical scholars have gradually been developing beliefs which the Christadelphian community has historically held.

Since the 1980s theologians from the Oriental ( non-Chalcedonian ) Orthodox and Eastern ( Chalcedonian ) Orthodox churches have been meeting in a bid to resolve theological differences, and have concluded that many of the differences are caused by the two groups using different terminology to describe the same thing ( see Agreed Official Statements on Christology with the Eastern Orthodox Churches ).

Some theologians, within the Roman Catholic Church and elsewhere, question whether all such consecrations have effect, on the grounds that an ordination is for service within a specific Christian church.

Other theologians also, notably those of the Eastern Orthodox Church, dispute the notion that such ordinations have effect, a notion that opens up the possibility of valid but irregular consecrations proliferating outside the structures of the " official " denominations.

Feminist theologians have supported the use of non-or multi-gendered language for God, arguing that language powerfully impacts belief about the behavior and essence of God.

Feminist historical theologians study the roles of women in periods throughout history that have impacted religion: the Biblical period, the early Christian era, medieval Europe, and any period of import to a particular religion.

Likewise, some Catholic theologians have rejected Gödel's revised version.

Although many Hellenised Jews seem, as at the Dura-Europos synagogue, to have had images of religious figures, the traditional Mosaic prohibition of " graven images " no doubt retained some effect, although never proclaimed by theologians.

Despite the fact that Palamism has never been officially condemned by the Catholic Church, Western theologians have tended to reject it, often equating it with quietism.

Some Western theologians have incorporated the essence-energies distinction into their own thinking.

According to Kallistos Ware, some Western theologians, both Roman Catholic and Anglican, see the theology of Palamas as introducing an inadmissible division within God ; however, others have incorporated his theology into their own thinking, maintaining, as Jeffrey D. Finch reports, that there is no conflict between his teaching and Roman Catholic thought.

" Whenever images threatened to gain undue influence within the church, theologians have sought to strip them of their power ".

The standard theological view of world history at the time was known as the six ages of the world ; in his book, Bede calculated the age of the world for himself, rather than accepting the authority of Isidore of Seville, and came to the conclusion that Christ had been born 3, 952 years after the creation of the world, rather than the figure of over 5, 000 years that was commonly accepted by theologians.

It has been used by various theologians and philosophers over the centuries, from the ancient Greeks Plato and Aristotle to the medievals ( e. g., St. Thomas Aquinas ) and beyond.

By simply denying that an efficient first cause is problematic, being easily explained as the creative action of an omnipotent God, medieval theologians re-purposed and enhanced Aristotle's argument, as if the intention had been to prove God's existence.

All previous Councils had been in the East and dominated by Greek theologians and philosophers.

Later western theistic idealism such as that of Hermann Lotze offers a theory of the " world ground " in which all things find their unity: it has been widely accepted by Protestant theologians.

This has been argued by theologians for centuries.

Since at least the time of Augustine, theologians, considering baptism to be necessary for the salvation of those to whom it can be administered, have debated the fate of unbaptized innocents, and the theory of the Limbo of Infants is one of the hypotheses that have been formulated as a proposed solution.

Biblical scholar F. F. Bruce has said " the evidence for our New Testament writings is ever so much greater than the evidence for many writings of classical authors, the authenticity of which no one dreams of questioning ... It is a curious fact that historians have often been much readier to trust the New Testament records than have many theologians.

Nihilism is also a characteristic that has been ascribed to time periods: for example, Jean Baudrillard and others have called postmodernity a nihilistic epoch, and some Christian theologians and figures of religious authority have asserted that postmodernity and many aspects of modernity represent a rejection of theism, and that rejection of their theistic doctrine entails nihilism.

He had studied at the School of Antioch where his mentor had been Theodore of Mopsuestia ; Theodore and other Antioch theologians had long taught a literalist interpretation of the Bible and stressed the distinctiveness of the human and divine natures of Jesus.

These eight attributes have been defended by many theologians and philosophers such as Richard Swinburn, William Craig and Donald Wacome Though as defended by those above, it's often questioned by others

The Church has no official teaching regarding the fate of infants who die without Baptism, and theologians of the Church hold various views ( for instance, some have asserted that they go to Limbo, which has never been official Catholic doctrine ).

Many Presbyterian scholars, pastors, and theologians have been heavily involved in the debate over homosexuality.

" Such views of the Second Vatican Council were condemned by the Church's hierarchy, and the works of theologians who were active in the Council or who closely adhered to the Council's aspect of reform ( such as Hans Küng ) have often been criticized by the Church for espousing a belief system that is radical and misguided.

Fully devoted to Henry and the royal prerogative, More initially co-operated with the King's new policy, denouncing Wolsey in Parliament and joining the opinion of the theologians at Oxford and Cambridge that the marriage of Henry to Catherine had been unlawful.

Traducianism was initially developed by Tertullian and arguably propagated by Augustine of Hippo, and has been endorsed by Gregory of Nyssa, Anastasius Sinaita, Hilary of Poitiers, Ambrose of Milan, many in the early Catholic Church ), various Lutheran churches, and some modern theologians such as Augustus H. Strong ( Baptist ), W. G. T. Shedd and Gordon Clark ( Presbyterian ), Lewis Sperry Chafer, Millard Erickson, Norman L. Geisler, Robert Culver, and Robert L. Reymond.

" Some people argue that this can also be taken as meaning not to kill at all, animals nor humans, or at least " that one shall not kill unnecessarily ," in the same manner that onerous restrictions on slavery in the Bible have been interpreted by modern theologians as to suggest banning the practice.

Some liberation theologians, however, including Gutierrez, had been barred from attending the Puebla Conference.

Ratzinger also argued that liberation theology is not originally a " grass-roots " movement among the poor, but rather, a creation of Western intellectuals: " an attempt to test, in a concrete scenario, ideologies that have been invented in the laboratory by European theologians " and in a certain sense itself a form of " cultural imperialism ".

On the left were the words, " Thou shalt be delivered from sins, and be freed from the acrimony and fury of theologians "; on the right, " Thou shalt go to the light, see God, look upon his Son, learn those wonderful mysteries which thou hast not been able to understand in this life.