Unlike the case of the 1541 and 1571, the low-level disk format used by the 1581 is similar enough to the MS-DOS format as the 1581 is built around a WD1770 FM / MFM floppy controller chip.

Literate programming macros can hide any chunk of code behind themselves, and be used inside any low-level machine language operators, often inside logical operators such as "", "" or "".

The " bottom-up " processing is basically low-level information that's used to build up higher-level information ( i. e. -shapes for object recognition ).

In embedded systems, SysRq key is usually used to assert low-level on RESET # signal.

The peasants and their work are also used as an analogy for low-level paper pushing bureaucrats.

In biology, a genus ( plural: genera ) is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia.

Materials vary widely ; while wooden boards are generally used in high-level games, vinyl and cardboard are common for low-level and informal play.

It is a high-level computer language and can be used on any computer whose supporting software can translate it into the appropriate low-level instructions.

Some vendors, such as Cisco, implemented protocols such as Cisco HDLC that used the low-level HDLC framing techniques but added a protocol field to the standard HDLC header.

The film employed an idea drawn from the British showbiz tradition in which extras used the word " rhubarb " to simulate low-level background dialogue, which had also been a running joke in The Goon Show.

As the tape is recorded, the relative amplitude of the signal above 1 kHz is used to determine how much pre-emphasis to apply-a low-level signal is boosted by 10 dB ( Dolby B ) or 20 dB ( Dolby C ).

* Cryptographic primitives, low-level cryptographic algorithms frequently used to build computer security systems

Making the system call directly in the application code is more complicated and may require embedded assembly code to be used ( in C and C ++) as well as knowledge of the low-level binary interface for the system call operation, which may be subject to change over time and thus not be part of the application binary interface ; the library functions are meant to abstract this away.

Currently in English Common Law, relatively small fines are used either in place of or alongside community service orders for low-level criminal offences.

During the Second World War the reservoir was used by pilots of the 617 Squadron for practising the low-level flights needed for Operation Chastise ( commonly known as the " Dam Busters " raids ), due to its similarity to the German dams.

Experiments with hardware support in high-level languages in the late 1960s led to such languages as PL / S, BLISS, BCPL, and extended ALGOL for Burroughs large systems being used for low-level programming.

They proposed that a modified version be used as a single API on top of either OpenGL or a new high-performance low-level API that Microsoft was known to be working on ( not based on Reality Lab ).

Eyepatches are not currently used by military personnel ; modern technology has provided an array of other means to preserve and enhance night vision, including red-light and low-level white lights, and night vision devices.

An inline assembler lets programmers enter machine-specific assembly code within standard D code, a method often used by system programmers to access the low-level features of the processor needed to run programs that interface directly with the underlying hardware, such as operating systems and device drivers.

The incident would be used as the basis for " City Hall ", an episode of Law & Order which aired on February 11, 2004-though in that story, the dead councilman was an innocent bystander, with the second victim, a low-level bureaucrat who survived with a shoulder wound, as the true target.

Although phosphorus is no longer used in gasoline, it ( and zinc, another low-level catalyst contaminant ) was until recently widely used in engine oil antiwear additives such as zinc dithiophosphate ( ZDDP ).

A barrage balloon is a large balloon tethered with metal cables, used to defend against low-level aircraft attack by damaging the aircraft on collision with the cables, or at least making the attacker's approach more difficult.

Different low-level formats can be used on the same media ; for example, large records can be used to cut down on inter-record gap size.

For this step the computer memory is separated into three regions: cells in the W-region are used for storage of the forms in the text-form list ; ;

In addition, the system pioneered the use of regenerative capacitor memory, as in the DRAM still widely used today.

One or more large arrays are sometimes used to emulate in-program dynamic memory allocation, particularly memory pool allocation.

Of the capabilities present in the BBC Micro but absent from the Electron, the teletext-style mode 7 was particularly conspicuous because of the very low memory usage in that mode ( just less than 1 kB ) and the high number of BBC programs that used it.

Although this produced a mode 7 that barely impacted upon CPU performance and gave the same visual quality as the BBC Micro, it remained compatible only with software that used the ROM routines for outputting text and graphics and still used 10 kB of memory for the display.

By adding a CRTC6845 to the package, a full hardware solution was created that did not reduce CPU performance and only used 1 kB of memory for the display.

* Both Integer BASIC and Applesoft used tokenizing to reduce the memory requirements of programs and to speed their interpretation.

The Aster computer could use the software written for the popular Tandy TRS-80 computer while fixing many of the problems of that computer, but it could also run CP / M software, with a big amount of free memory ( Transient Program Area, TPA ) and a full 80 × 25 display, and it could be used as a Videotext terminal.

The Aster used 64KB of RAM memory and had the unique feature of supporting two fundamentally different internal architectures: when turned on without a boot floppy or with a TRS-DOS floppy, the Aster would be fully TRS-80 compatible, with 48KB or RAM.

Such replacements of CPU and memory system components were possible because the Aster CT-80 was designed to use a backplane that was designed to support both 8 and 16 bit processors, and used a modular Eurocard based design with slots to spare for expansion.

The game data still needed to be copied from ROM to RAM before it could be used, so less memory was available and the games loaded relatively slowly.

Access to main memory is slower than access to a register like the accumulator because the technology used for the large main memory is slower ( but cheaper ) than that used for a register.

Early computers used one of two addressing methods to access the system memory ; binary ( base 2 )

But as computer main memory in a binary-addressed system is manufactured in sizes that were easily expressed as multiples of 1024, kilobyte, when applied to computer memory, came to be used to mean 1024 bytes instead of 1000.

For a time, memory capacities were often expressed in K, even when M could have been used: The IBM System / 370 Model 158 brochure ( 1972 ) had the following: " Real storage capacity is available in 512K increments ranging from 512K to 2, 048K bytes.

When a backplane is used with a plug-in single board computer ( SBC ) or system host board ( SHB ), the combination provides the same functionality as a motherboard, providing processing power, memory, I / O and slots for plug-in cards.

The name originated from the Basic Input Output System used in the CP / M operating system ( released in 1976 ), where the BIOS was loaded from disk, with only a small boot loader program stored in read-only memory.

The instruction that the CPU fetches from memory is used to determine what the CPU is to do.

Many can be used on a standalone basis without a computer, using a memory card or USB connector.