Lincoln warned that " The Slave Power " was threatening the values of republicanism, and accused Douglas of distorting the values of the Founding Fathers that all men are created equal, while Douglas emphasized his Freeport Doctrine, that local settlers were free to choose whether to allow slavery or not, and accused Lincoln of having joined the abolitionists.

In Scandinavia, insanity is not a defense ; instead, it is the responsibility of the court system as such to consider whether the accused may have been psychotic or suffering from other severe mental defects when perpetrating the criminal act.

This means that in Denmark, ' insanity ' is a legal term rather than a medical term and that the court retains the authority to decide whether an accused person is irresponsible or not.

English common law and the United States Constitution recognize the right to a jury trial to be a fundamental civil liberty or civil right that allows the accused to choose whether to be judged by judges or a jury.

: A practical issue is whether the fact that an accused is labouring under a " mental disability " should be a necessary but not sufficient condition for negating responsibility i. e. whether the test should also require an incapacity to understand what is being done, to know that what one is doing is wrong, or to control an impulse to do something and so demonstrate a causal link between the disability and the potentially criminal acts and omissions.

For example, the Irish insanity defence comprises the M ' Naghten Rules and a control test which asks whether the accused was debarred from refraining from committing the act because of a defect of reason due to mental illness ( see Doyle v Wicklow County Council 1974 ) 55 IR 71.

Although this was probably originally intended to avoid a situation where the Vice President was presiding over a debate that could ultimately result in his promotion to the presidency ( were the President convicted and removed from office ), it also prevents a possibly more likely contemporary scenario, where a President accused of some offense is being tried by the Senate presided over by a Vice President who may well be sympathetic to the President, reducing the independence of the Senate's consideration of the delicate question of whether to remove a sitting chief executive.

The immense development of the Fehme is explained by the privileges of the Freischöffen ; for they were subject to no jurisdiction but those of the Westphalian courts: whether as accused or accuser they had access to the secret sessions, and they shared in the discussions of the general chapter as to the policy of the society.

If the accused does not accept the NJP, the NJP hearing is terminated and the commander must make the decision of whether to process the service member for court-martial.

In criminal law in United States, in federal courts and in a minority of state court systems, a grand jury is convened to hear only testimony and evidence to determine whether there is a case to be answered and hence whether the accused should be indicted and sent for trial.

" Indeed, whether the NGOs are adiding for evangelical purposes or their ideological intentions, various NGOs are examined and accused of their nature.

The statute defines torture as " intentional infliction of severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, upon a person in the custody or under the control of the accused ; except that torture shall not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to, lawful sanctions ".

For these purposes, therefore, where the relevant statutes are silent and it is for the common law to form the basis of potential liability, the reasonable person must be endowed with the same intellectual and physical qualities as the accused, and the test must be whether an accused with these specific attributes would have had the requisite foresight and desire.

Second, the American Federation of Labor and some employers accused the NLRB of favoring the Congress of Industrial Organizations, particularly when determining whether to hold union elections in plant-wide, or wall-to-wall, units, which the CIO usually sought, or to hold separate elections in separate craft units, which the craft unions in the AFL favored.

Ionesco accused Sartre of supporting Communism but ignoring the atrocities committed by Communists ; he wrote Rhinoceros as a criticism of blind conformity, whether it be to Nazism or Communism ; at the end of the play, one man remains on Earth resisting transformation into a rhinoceros Sartre criticized Rhinoceros by questioning: " Why is there one man who resists?

Under questioning, the cardinal stated that, when a priest committed a sex crime, his practice was to seek the analysis of psychiatrists, clinicians and therapists in residential treatment centers before deciding whether to return a priest accused of sexually abusing a child to the pulpit.

Remember, therefore, all the fine things that your jurists and statesmen have said and written about the great palladium of British liberty and so forth: remember how the learned Sir William Blackstone hath delivered himself on this point ;— how that ' the founders of the English laws have with excellent forecast contrived that the truth of every accusation, whether preferred in the shape of indictment, information, or appeal, should be confirmed by the unanimous suffrage of twelve of his ( the accused person's ) equals and neighbours, indifferently chosen, and superior to all suspicion.

The accused, not the lawyer, has the right to make final decisions regarding a number of fundamental points, including whether to testify, and to accept a plea offer or demand a jury trial in appropriate cases.

In some cases bail money may be returned at the end of the trial, if all court appearances are made, regardless of whether the person is found guilty or not guilty of the crime accused.

Puritan groups adopted a view similar to Judaism ( as a result they were accused of Judaizing ), denouncing all forms of religious objects, whether in three dimensional or two dimensional form, including even a plain cross.

Ratified in the Republican Party victory in 1952, the Positive State is now evidenced by political campaigns being waged not on whether but on how much social legislation there should be.

Work is under way to see whether new restraining devices should be installed on all nuclear weapons.

One way to determine whether we have so dangerous a technology would be to check the strength of our society's organs to see if their functioning is as healthy as before.

In any event, whether society may have cancer, or merely a virus infection, the `` disease '', we shall find, is political, economical, social, and even medical.

Hence the prime issue, as I see it, is whether a democratic or free society can master technology for the benefit of mankind, or whether technology will rule and develop its own society compatible with its own needs as a force of nature.

But the problem is one which gives us the measure of a man, rather than a group of men, whether a group of doctors, a group of party members assembled at a dinner to give their opinion, or the masses of the voters.

What is simply an opinion formed in defiance of the laws of human probability, whether or not it is later confirmed, has become by September of the election year `` a firm conviction ''.

Even if people do, in a not far distant future, begin to read one another's minds, there will still be the question of whether what you find in another man's mind is especially worth reading -- worth more, that is, than what you can read in good books.

When decision makers act within this frame they determine whether a claim put forward in the name of religion is to be accepted by the larger community as appropriate to religion.

Community decision makers must make up their minds whether a claim is acceptable to the larger community in terms of prevailing expectations regarding members of nation states.

The relatively long and often colorful selections in this anthology enable the reader to become genuinely absorbed in what is said, whether he responds with anger or applause.

Most students of literature, whether they call themselves scholars or critics, are ready to argue that it is possible to understand literary works as well as to enjoy them.

It is most important that we recognize the law of love as being unbreakable in all personal relationships, whether individually, socially or as between whole nations of people.

Without a precise knowledge of Germanic philology, however, it is debatable whether their use was not more often a source of confusion and error than anything else.

Mortality is the pacing of a brief and dangerous watch, and to all sentinels, whether at Elsinore or on the battlements at Mycenae, the coming of dawn has its breath of miracle.

The other reason ( and the one with which I am here concerned ) is that one thus becomes inclined to inquire of any opinion, or change of opinion, whether it represents the wisdom of experience or is only the result of the difference between youth and age which is as inevitable as the all too obvious physical differences.

But whether the murder of El Benefactor in Ciudad Trujillo means freedom for the people of the Caribbean fiefdom is a question that cannot now be answered.

The question left by the election is whether West Germany veers slightly toward more firmness or more flexibility.

Although the United States and the U.S.S.R. have been arguing whether there shall be four, five or six top assistants, the most important element in the situation is not the number of deputies but the manner in which these deputies are to do their work.

But far from being concerned about whether or not Russia will have achieved Utopia by 1980, the world is watching Moscow today primarily for clues as to whether or not there will be nuclear Armageddon in the immediate future.

The theological bias is seen in the way it judges each king of Israel on the basis of whether he recognises the authority of the temple in Jerusalem ( none do, and therefore all are " evil "), and each king of Judah on the basis of whether he destroys the " high places " ( rivals to the Temple in Jerusalem ); it gives only passing mention to important and successful kings like Omri and Jeroboam II and totally ignores one of the most significant events in ancient Israel's history, the battle of Qarqar.

While it is not altogether clear whether totally asynchronous designs can perform at a comparable or better level than their synchronous counterparts, it is evident that they do at least excel in simpler math operations.

Under the name of Revenant, it is not known whether she is Jean Grey ( presumably dead after the Albany incident ) or a totally new incarnation.

The logical data structure of a database management system ( DBMS ), whether hierarchical, network, or relational, cannot totally satisfy the requirements for a conceptual definition of data because it is limited in scope and biased toward the implementation strategy employed by the DBMS.

It is not completely clear whether Commodore's intent was to eventually totally replace the C64 with the Plus / 4, or whether they wanted to attempt to expand the home computer market and sell the Plus / 4 to users who were more interested in serious applications than gaming.

For example, quadratic fields K of degree 2 over Q are either real ( and then totally real ), or complex, depending on whether the square root of a positive or negative number is adjoined to Q.

Since he was totally blind, there were doubts as to whether the Crown Prince was qualified to succeed as king of Hanover ; but his father decided that he should do so.

" The nature of the theory underlying Uses and Gratifications research is not totally clear ," ( Blumler, 1979 ) This makes the line between gratification and satisfaction blurred, calling into question whether or not we only seek what we desire or actually enjoy it.

A year later, they had collected signatures from everyone they could identify in the clips they had chosen, " and even then we weren't sure whether we were totally in the clear.

The cure rate for this method, whether performed by an otolaryngologist-head & neck surgeon, plastic surgeon, or dermatologist is totally dependent on the surgical margin.

Being a strategic crossroads, Saint-Lô was almost totally destroyed ( 95 % according to common estimates ) during the Battle of Normandy in World War II, earning the title of " The Capital of the Ruins " from Samuel Beckett ; it was even questioned whether to rebuild it or to leave the ruins intact as a testimony to the bombing.

Unlike many of the later talmide ha-Rambam, the original Dor Daim were not committed to the view that all local custom, whether Sephardi or Ashkenazi or from any other source, is totally illegitimate to the extent that it differs from the exact views of Maimonides, so they preserved certain non-Maimonidean Yemenite peculiarities in minor matters.

The logical data structure of a DBMS, whether hierarchical, network, or relational, cannot totally satisfy the requirements for a conceptual definition of data because it is limited in scope and biased toward the implementation strategy employed by the DBMS.

At the African Union summit in Accra, Ghana in early July 2007, where leaders discussed whether a United States of Africa should be created immediately or gradually, Gadio expressed Senegal's stance in favor of immediate creation, saying that " We are ready to abandon partially or totally our sovereignty to join a unity government in Africa.

* a popular referendum, which can only be called in order to decide on whether to abrogate ( i. e., abolish ) totally or partially an existing law ;

Questions have been raised, however, whether the MMSI can in practice totally fulfill that role.

For example, in one passage he claims to be totally illiterate: whether the original poem was composed as part of an oral tradition or as a written work is a subject of debate among scholars.

The larger question … is whether, as suggested, we ought to take a look at creating a totally independent auditing agency for the federal government overall and go back to the idea of an auditor general.

Where agents are acting totally adverse to the corporation but only some of a corporation's owners were involved in a fraud in their role as managers, courts consider whether those insiders who were innocent and unaware of the misconduct had sufficient authority to stop the fraud.

That is because what her actual status was, or whether any damage would result from disclosure of her status, are totally irrelevant to your decision of guilt or innocence.

The number of Saudi Aramco " brats " who are Saudi nationals has increased steadily since the company became totally owned by the Saudi government in the late 1970s, however, and it remains to be seen whether these children will continue to view themselves primarily as " Aramco brats " with connections to other non-Saudi " brats " or as " Saudis " pure and simple.