But when the situation was so complicated that even Nogaret, one of the principal actors in the drama, could misinterpret the pope's motives, it is possible that Othon and his companions, equally baffled, attributed their difficulties to a more immediate cause.

There is no direct evidence, however, to support the contention that Nogaret poisoned the pope.

King Philippe is deeply affected by the deaths of the Pope and one of his most trusted advisors, Guillaume de Nogaret, which he blames on the curse of the Grand Master of the Knights Templar.

Nogaret replied by apologies for his conduct based upon attacks upon the memory of Boniface, and when Benedict died on July 7, 1304 he pointed to his death as a witness to the justice of his cause.

Nogaret coordinated with the cardinals of the Colonna family, long standing rivals against whom the pope had even preached a crusade earlier in his Papacy.

His successor Pope Benedict XI did not last long, dying in less than a year, possibly poisoned via Philip's councillor Guillaume de Nogaret.

Guillaume de Nogaret was to go on the next crusade and visit certain places of pilgrimage in France and Spain as a penance, but never did so.

" He was preparing a bull that would excommunicate the King of France and put the interdict over France, and to depose the entire clergy of France, when in September 1303, William Nogaret, the strongest critic of the Papacy in the French inner circle, led a delegation to Rome, with intentionally loose orders by the king to bring the pope, if necessary by force, before a council to rule on the charges brought against him.

He once again used his disreputable agents Guillaume de Nogaret and Enguerrand de Marigny to invent a list of charges of heresy and round up the usual witnesses.

" On March 12 a solemn royal assembly was held in the Louvre, at which Guillaume de Nogaret read a long series of accusations against Boniface and demanded the calling of a general council to try him.

Benedict refused to meet Nogaret, and excepted him from the general absolution which he granted on May 12, 1304, and on June 7 issued against him and his associates at Anagni the bull Flagitiosum scelus.

The threat of proceedings against the memory of Boniface was renewed to force Clement to absolve Nogaret, and Clement had given way on this point when the further question of an inquiry into the condition of the Knights Templar was brought forward by Philip as a preliminary to their arrest and the seizure of their property in October 1307.

Nogaret was active in getting the renegade members of the order to give evidence against their fellows, and the whole proceedings against them bear traces of his unscrupulous and merciless pen.

Nevertheless, on 7 June 1304, Benedict excommunicated Philip IV's implacable minister Guillaume de Nogaret and all the Italians who had played a part in the seizure of Boniface VIII at Anagni.

In response, Guillaume de Nogaret, Philip's chief minister, denounced Boniface as a heretical criminal to the French clergy.

However, on 7 September 1303, an army led by Nogaret and Sciarra Colonna surprised Boniface at his retreat in Anagni.

Philip emerged victorious, after having sent his agent William Nogaret to arrest Boniface at Anagni, when the French archbishop Bertrand de Goth was elected pope as Clement V and the official seat of the papacy moved to Avignon, an enclave surrounded by French territories.

The palace was plundered and Boniface was nearly killed ( Nogaret prevented Sciarra Colonna from murdering the pope ).

The palace was plundered and Boniface was nearly killed ( Nogaret prevented his troops from murdering the pope ).

As original reports had it, suspicion fell primarily on Nogaret with the suspicion that his sudden death was caused by poisoning.

* Louis Charles Gaston de Nogaret de La Valette, styled comte de Candale ( 1627 – 1658 ) was ceded his father's dukedom of La Valette in 1649, and was then known as duc de Candale

Guillaume de Nogaret or William of Nogaret ( 1260, Saint-Félix-Lauragais, Haute-Garonne – 1313 ) was councillor and keeper of the seal to Philip IV of France.

The great Colonna house, at bitter feud with the Gaetani, was his strongest ally, and Sciarra Colonna accompanied Nogaret to Anagni, Boniface's birthplace.

On the 9th a concerted rising of the townsmen in Boniface's favour put Nogaret and his allies to flight, and the pope was free.

Early in 1304 Nogaret went to Languedoc to report to Philip IV, and was rewarded by gifts of land and money.

Jean Parisot was a distant cousin ( through their mutual ancestor Almaric de Valette ) of Jean Louis de Nogaret de La Valette, first Duke of Epernon.

Some fourteen favourites were singled out, including François d ' Espinay, seigneur de Saint-Luc, who had accompanied Henry to his " exile " in Poland and was rewarded now with the château de Rozoy-en-Brie and the governorship of Brouage ; but the best known of the mignons, the archimignons in L ' Estoile's Registre-Journal, who monopolised access to the king after the death of Henri's brother and heir the duc d ' Alençon were Anne de Joyeuse, baron d ' Arques, created duc de Joyeuse ( died 1587 ) and Jean Louis de Nogaret de La Valette, created duc d ' Épernon.

On September 7, with their band of some sixteen hundred men, Nogaret and Colonna surprised the little town.

In 1303, Philip and Nogaret were excommunicated.

* Guillaume de Nogaret, keeper of the seal to King Philip IV of France ( year very uncertain ) ( d. 1313 )

The faculty numbered among its illustrious pupils of law Petrarch, who spent four years at Montpellier, and among its lecturers Guillaume de Nogaret, chancellor to Philip the Fair, Guillaume de Grimoard, afterwards pope under the name of Urban V, and Pedro de Luna, antipope as Benedict XIII.

On 7 September 1303, the king's advisor Guillaume de Nogaret and Sciarra Colonna led a band of two thousand mercenaries on horse and foot.

Between Pentecost 1609 and May 1610, Ravaillac made three separate trips to Paris to tell his vision to the king, and lodged with Charlotte du Tillet, mistress of Jean Louis de Nogaret de La Valette, duc d ' Épernon.

In 1635 Turenne served under Louis de Nogaret, Cardinal de la Valette in Lorraine and on the Rhine.

Boniface's successor, Pope Benedict XI, lasted less than a year before he too died, possibly poisoned by Philip's agent Guillaume de Nogaret.

On 7 September 1303, the king's advisor Guillaume de Nogaret led a band of two thousand mercenaries on horse and foot.

Sciarrillo Colonna and Guillaume de Nogaret ( lawyer and royal advisor of Philip IV ) were to arrest the pope and bring him to France to stand trial, but this attempt failed.

In better days, among Montpellier's illustrious pupils of law were Petrarch, who spent four years at Montpellier, and among its lecturers were William of Nogaret, chancellor to Philip IV, Guillaume de Grimoard, afterwards Pope Urban V, and Pedro de Luna, afterwards antipope Benedict XIII.

* Henri de Nogaret de La Valette, 7me comte de Candale ( d. 1639 ) ( created duc de Candale in 1621, that title extinct on his death )

* A. S. Samardak, A. Nogaret, N. B. Janson, A. G. Balanov, I. Farrer and D. A. Ritchie.

`` I realize that this is hardly the time to say it, Penny '', said Keith.

but they can hardly deny that, exaggerated or not, the old panorama is dead.

Gustaf Vasa is a superb example, and Charles 10,, the conqueror of Denmark, hardly less so.

Thus Burns's `` My love is like a red, red rose '' and Hopkins' `` The thunder-purple sea-beach, plumed purple of Thunder '' although clearly intelligible in content, hardly present ideas of the sort with which we are here concerned.

Because of the means of publication -- science-fiction magazines and cheap paperbacks -- and because dystopian science fiction is still appearing in quantity the full range and extent of this phenomenon can hardly be known, though one fact is evident: the science-fiction imagination has been immensely fertile in its extrapolations.

That fact is very clearly illustrated in the case of the many present-day intellectuals who were Communists or near-Communists in their youth and are now so extremely conservative ( or reactionary, as many would say ) that they can define no important political conviction that does not seem so far from even a centrist position as to make the distinction between Mr. Nixon and Mr. Khrushchev for them hardly worth noting.

That first entry there is the Vermont Flumenophobe, the earliest and one of the most successful of my eighty-three varieties -- great big scapulars and hardly any primaries at all.

The gulf between the `` rich '' and the `` poor '' has narrowed, in the industrialized Western world, to the point that the word `` poor '' is hardly applicable.

I know because this is my 37th year with hardly a break.

It is hardly necessary to remind students of covered bridges that Timothy Palmer was born in 1751 in nearby Rowley ; ;

A randomization of `` ups '' and `` downs '' is more likely than ordered `` ups '' and `` downs '' in position ( 3 ) since the hydrogen atoms are well separated and so the position of one could hardly affect the position of another, and also since ordered `` up '' and `` down '' implies a larger unit cell, for which no evidence exists.

It is hardly accidental, therefore, that many of his most vivid figures do suggestive or eccentric things with their hands.

) Amateur linguists note here that Pursewarden, in Durrell's Alexandria Quartet, stammered when he spoke of his wife, which is hardly surprising in view of their disastrous relationship.

To recite the particulars of recent Soviet successes is hardly reassuring.

What is noteworthy about this large group of teen-agers is that, although their attitudes hardly differentiate them from their gentile counterparts, they actually lead their lives in a vast self-enclosed Jewish cosmos with relatively little contact with the non-Jewish world.

It is hardly possible to emphasize this too much.

It would hardly be an exaggeration to say that ninety per cent of the energy of most churches -- whether in terms of finance or spiritual concern -- is poured into the private and domestic interests of the members.

The deeds of this team, through two seasons and in the two World's Series that followed, have been written and talked about until hardly a word is left to be said.

Corruption is hardly a recent development in the city and state that were widely identified as the locale of Edwin O'Connor's novel, `` The Last Hurrah ''.

A reader of the Boston newspapers can hardly escape the impression that petty chicanery, or worse, is the norm in Massachusetts public life.

A secret conspiracy of manufacturers is hardly such a vehicle.