According to his contemporary Jerome, Augustine " established anew the ancient Faith.

According to Christian theologian Alister McGrath, the Jewish Christians affirmed every aspect of then contemporary Second Temple Judaism with the addition of the belief that Jesus was the messiah, with Isaiah 49: 6, " an explicit parallel to 42: 6 " quoted by Paul in Acts 13: 47 and reinterpreted by Justin the Martyr.

According to some of their contemporary enemies Cathars did not accept the Trinitarian understanding of Jesus, but considered him the human form of an angel similar to Docetic Christology.

According to the historian N. D. A. Kemp, the origin of the contemporary debate on euthanasia started in 1870. which will lead to unacceptable consequences.

According to contemporary accounts, Frederick had difficulties developing emotional closeness to other persons, including his children and wife Eleanor.

According to the contemporary sources and later speculations, the first line was formed by light cavalry archers ( Battle of Oslava-1116, 1146, 1260, 1278 ).

According to contemporary biographers Theodore Beza and Nicolas Colladon, Gérard believed his son would earn more money as a lawyer than as a priest.

According to most contemporary theories of justice, justice is overwhelmingly important: John Rawls claims that " Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is of systems of thought.

According to the contemporary chronicler John Strecche, who lived at the neighbouring Kenilworth Priory, the French openly mocked Henry in 1414 by sending him a gift of tennis balls at Kenilworth.

According to contemporary royalist legal theory, the Long Parliament was regarded as having been automatically dissolved from the moment of Charles I's execution on 30 January 1649.

According to contemporary research, males are dominant throughout Melanesia ( although some believe that female witches have special powers ).

According to Thietmar and other contemporary chronicles the gift given by Mieszko to the Emperor was a camel.

According to philosopher Helga Kuhse, Singer is " almost certainly the best-known and most widely read of all contemporary philosophers ".

According to the Liber Pontificalis, he was Greek by birth ; however this is uncertain, and is disputed by modern western historians arguing that the authors of Liber Pontificalis confused him with that of the contemporary author Xystus who was Greek student of Pythagoreanism.

According to contemporary John Bargrave, in 1636 members of the Spanish faction of the College of Cardinals were so horrified by the conduct of Pope Urban VIII that they conspired to have him arrested and imprisoned ( or killed ) so that they could replace him with a new pope ; namely Laudivio Zacchia.

According to his biographer in the Liber Pontificalis, Innocent was the son of a man called Innocens of Albano, but according to his contemporary Jerome, his father was Pope Anastasius I ( 399 – 401 ), whom he was called by the unanimous voice of the clergy and laity to succeed ( he had been born before his father's entry to the clergy ).

According to the reformed Roman Rite Roman Catholic calendar, this Sunday is now known by its number within Ordinary Time — fourth through ninth, depending upon the date of Easter — or the fourth through the ninth Sunday after Epiphany in the contemporary Anglican calendars, and that of various Protestant polities.

According to the later thirteenth century Old French Continuation of William of Tyre, Raynald captured Saladin's sister in a raid on a caravan, although this claim is not attested in contemporary sources, Muslim or Frankish, instead stating that Raynald had attacked a preceding caravan, and Saladin set guards to ensure the safety of his sister and her son, who came to no harm.

According to Watson, Holmes is an eccentric, with no regard for contemporary standards of tidiness or good order.

According to the contemporary Indian philosopher and tantric author, founder of Ananda Marga school of Tantra Yoga, Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar, also known by his spiritual name, Shrii Shrii Anandamurti, tantra had its origin in India and South Asia.

According to the Oxford English Corpus, a database of 21st Century texts that contains everything from academic journal articles to unedited writing and blog entries, contemporary writers opt for the nonstandard ' chords ' instead of ' cords ' 49 % of the time.

According to the only contemporary source, Hypatia was murdered by a Christian mob after being accused of exacerbating a conflict between two prominent figures in Alexandria: the governor Orestes and the Bishop of Alexandria.

According to Frayling's biography of Leone, Something to Do with Death, he envisioned a contemporary adaptation of Cervantes ' 17th century novel Don Quixote with Clint Eastwood in the title role and Eli Wallach as Sancho Panza.

According to a contemporary account by theologian, Sheikh Yusuf Al Bahrani, in an unsuccessful attempt by the Persians and their Bedouin allies to take back Bahrain from the Kharijite Omanis, much of the country was burnt to the ground.

According to a contemporary chronicler, when Catherine de ' Medici was born, her parents, were " as pleased as if it had been a boy ".

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word baroque is derived from the Portuguese word " barroco ", Spanish " barroco ", or French " baroque ", all of which refer to a " rough or imperfect pearl ", though whether it entered those languages via Latin, Arabic, or some other source is uncertain.

According to Manuel Pedro Ferreira, a scholar on the Cantigas, the music found in the Cantigas cannot be classified as Arabic, but instead must be classified as " Moorish-Andalusian ".

According to the principal editor of the journal, Leonard Lewisohn: " Although a number of major Islamic poets easily rival the likes of Dante, Shakespeare and Milton in importance and output, they still enjoy only a marginal literary fame in the West because the works of Arabic and Persian thinkers, writers and poets are considered as negligible, frivolous, tawdry sideshows beside the grand narrative of the Western Canon.

According to the Qur ' an, Iblis ( the Arabic name used ) disobeyed an order from Allah to bow to Adam and as a result was forced out of heaven and given respite until the day of judgment from further punishment.

According to a French etymology, the Italian tarocco derived from Arabic طرح ṭarḥ, ' rejection ; subtraction, deduction, discount '.

According to the later Arabic sources, Kaleb retaliated by sending a force of 3, 000 men under a relative, but the troops defected and killed their leader, and a second attempt at reigning in the rebellious Abraha also failed.

According to Robert Irwin, " Even today, with the exception of certain writers and academics, the Nights is regarded with disdain in the Arabic world.

According to researcher May Oueida's thesis on the speech, he adopted a theme of successfully bridging the different sounds of Egyptian, Syrian, and Iraqi Arabic, and rose to a classical Arabic without losing or boring his audience.

According to Islam, God, known in Arabic as Allah, is the all-powerful and all-knowing Creator, Sustainer, Ordainer, and Judge of the universe.

According to them, the Arabic word tʕaraba “ song ” ( from the trilateral root Tʕ-R-B “ provoke emotion, excitement, agitation ; make music, entertain by singing ”) could partly be the etymon of the verb trobar.

According to G. E. von Grunebaum, there were several elements which developed in Arabic literature.

According to an argument outlined by Maria Rosa Menocal in The Arabic Role in Medieval Literary History, in 11th-century Spain, a group of wandering poets appeared who would go from court to court, and sometimes travel to Christian courts in southern France, a situation closely mirroring what would happen in southern France about a century later.

Medieval alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan's Book of Stones According to the Opinion of Balīnās contains an exposition and analysis of views expressed in Arabic occult works attributed to Apollonius.

According to an early Arabic work known as Kitab al-Magall or the Book of Rolls ( part of Clementine literature ), Harran was one of the cities built by Nimrod, when Peleg was 50 years old.

According to a Harvard graduate student from Iraq who helped translate some of the radio broadcasts into Arabic, the program was poorly run.

According to Ibn-Khaldun's comprehensive history of the Malian kings, Mansa Musa's grandfather was Abu-Bakr ( the Arabic equivalent to Bakari or Bogari, original name unknown-not the sahabiyy Abu Bakr ), a brother of Sundiata Keita, the founder of the Malian Empire as recorded through oral histories.

According to all sources, the earliest being Paul the Deacon, Ṭāriq left from Ceuta ( Septem ) and landed at the Rock of Calpe, the later Gibraltar, which Arabic sources derive from Jebel Tariq, " Rock of Ṭāriq ".

According to Ibn ʻAbd al-Ḥakam writing around 860, Ṭāriq, commander of the Arab-Berber garrison of Tangiers, crossed the straits of Gibraltar with ships from a certain Count Julian ( Arabic Ilyan ), lord of Ceuta and " Alchadra " ( Algeciras ), and landed near Cartagena, which he took and made his headquarters.

According to the Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science, it was used by Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī in the 11th century and described by Al-Khazini in the 12th century.

According to a radio communication transcript, the pilot's conversation with the air controller had been in English, but his last words were this Arabic phrase as the plane crashed on September 26, 1997, killing all 235 people aboard in Indonesia's deadliest crash.

:* According to the second theory, the usage alludes to the Arabic root word “ shei ” which stands for the unknown.

According to author and historian John Kennedy O ' Connor in his book The Eurovision Song Contest-The Official History, when Israel became the clear winners during the voting, most of the Arabic stations ended their transmission of the contest.

According to one Arabic Hermetic text, Idris ( or Hermes Trismegistus ) witnessed the angel Jibril in a dream.

According to President Gandhi, a trained anthropologist and historian, Azania was selected as the name for the new administration because of its historical importance, as " Azania was a name given to Somalia more than 2, 500 years ago and it was given by Egyptian sailors who used to get a lot of food reserves from the Somali Coast [...] Its origin is Arabic word meaning the land of plenty.