Oscar Greeley Clendenning Hammerstein II (; July 12, 1895 – August 23, 1960 ) was an American librettist, theatrical producer, and ( usually uncredited ) theatre director of musicals for almost forty years.

Hammerstein was the lyricist and playwright in his partnerships ; his collaborators wrote the music.

Hammerstein collaborated with composers Jerome Kern, Vincent Youmans, Rudolf Friml and Sigmund Romberg ; but his most famous collaboration, by far, was with Richard Rodgers.

Hammerstein was born Oscar Greeley Clendenning Hammerstein in New York City, the son of Alice ( née Nimmo ) and William Hammerstein.

His grandfather was German-born Jewish theater impresario Oscar Hammerstein I, and his mother was the daughter of Scottish and English parents.

Hammerstein was raised an Episcopalian.

He was survived by his second wife Dorothy ( Blanchard ) Jacobson ( m. May 13, 1929 ) and his three children, William Hammerstein and Alice Hammerstein Mathias by first wife Myra Finn, and James Hammerstein by Blanchard.

As recent revivals of Show Boat, Oklahoma !, Carousel, and The King and I in London and New York show, Hammerstein was one of the more tough-minded and socially conscious American musical theater artists.

According to The Rodgers and Hammerstein Story by Stanley Green, " For three minutes, on the night of September first, the entire Times Square area in New York City was blacked out in honor of the man who had done so much to light up that particular part of the world.

The Oscar Hammerstein II Center for Theater Studies at Columbia University was established in 1981 with a $ 1-million gift from his family.

It was at the opening of South Pacific, the musical Hammerstein wrote with Richard Rodgers, that Sondheim met Harold Prince, who would later direct many of Sondheim's shows.

It was a major success among his peers, and it considerably buoyed the young songwriter's ego ; he took it to Hammerstein, and asked him to evaluate it as though he had no knowledge of its author.

Hammerstein said it was the worst thing he had ever seen.

Initially he resisted, because he was determined to write the full score for his next project ( Saturday Night had been aborted ), but Oscar Hammerstein convinced him that he would benefit from the experience, and he accepted.

With the help of Oscar Hammerstein, Laurents convinced Bernstein and Sondheim to move " One Hand, One Heart ", which he considered too pristine for the balcony scene, to the scene set in the bridal shop, and as a result " Tonight " was written to replace it.

It was not until Kern explained that he and Oscar Hammerstein II wanted to create a different type of musical that Ferber granted him the rights.

It was Oscar Hammerstein II ( pp. 58 – 59 ).

She was twenty-one years old and the stepdaughter of Oscar Hammerstein II.

Much of Rodgers's work with both Hart and Hammerstein was orchestrated by Robert Russell Bennett.

The Sound of Music probably contains more hit songs than any other Rodgers and Hammerstein musical, likely due to the phenomenal success of the film version.

Hammerstein won two Oscars for best original song — in 1941 for " The Last Time I Saw Paris " in the film Lady Be Good, and in 1945 for " It Might as Well Be Spring " in State Fair.

He is best known for his songwriting partnerships with the lyricists Lorenz Hart and Oscar Hammerstein II.

Hammerstein announced, in the April 13, 1907 issue of Musical America, a $ 1, 000 prize for the best libretto submitted, fueling public enthusiasm and high expectations.

Both Schleicher and his close friend, General Kurt von Hammerstein repeatedly contended to Groener that the Reichswehr leadership did not see the banning of the SA in the best interests of the Reich

Gordon MacRae ( March 12, 1921 – January 24, 1986 ) was an American actor and singer, best known for his appearances in the film versions of two Rodgers and Hammerstein musicals, Oklahoma!

In 1960, he, Bock and Weidman tied with Rodgers and Hammerstein for best musical ; that year, both Fiorello!

Hammerstein is a fictional robot created by Pat Mills who first appeared in 1978 as a member of Ro-Busters in the British comic Starlord but is best known as the leader of the ABC Warriors in 2000AD.

* Richard Rodgers ( attended ) was a composer, best known for his work with lyricist Oscar Hammerstein II ( Oklahoma !, The King and I, The Sound of Music ).

Hammerstein also wrote the book and lyrics for Carmen Jones, an adaptation of Georges Bizet's opera Carmen with an all-black cast that became a 1943 Broadway musical and a 1954 film.

Hammerstein won eight Tony Awards, six for lyrics or book, and two as producer of the Best Musical ( South Pacific and The Sound of Music ).

* Show Boat ( 1927 )-music by Jerome Kern, lyrics and book by Oscar Hammerstein II, produced by Florenz Ziegfeld

Carmen Jones is a 1943 Broadway musical with music by Georges Bizet ( orchestrated for Broadway by Robert Russell Bennett ) and lyrics and book by Oscar Hammerstein II.

* Flower Drum Song, music by Richard Rodgers, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, book by David Henry Hwang ; based upon the libretto by Oscar Hammerstein, II and Joseph Fields and the novel The Flower Drum Song by C. Y. Lee ; New York: Theatre Communications Group, 2003.

After their initial success with Oklahoma !, the pair took a break from working together and Hammerstein concentrated on the musical Carmen Jones, a Broadway version of Bizet's Carmen with the characters changed to African Americans in the contemporary South, for which he wrote the book and lyrics.

* 1950: South Pacific – Music by Richard Rodgers, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, book by Oscar Hammerstein II and Joshua Logan.

* 1952: The King and I – Music by Richard Rodgers, book and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II.

* Sweet Adeline ( musical ), musical with music by Jerome Kern, book and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II

The Desert Song is an operetta with music by Sigmund Romberg and book and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, Otto Harbach and Frank Mandel.

The following authors are quoted ( in order of their appearance in the book ): Anne Frank, Alfred Tennyson, Rudyard Kipling, John Masefield, William Cullen Bryant, Ambrose Bierce, Lord Byron, Noble Claggett, John Greenleaf Whittier, Benjamin Franklin, John Heywood, Cesare Bonesana Beccaria, Bertolt Brecht, Saint John, Charles Dickens, Isaac Watts, William Shakespeare, Plato, Robert Browning, Jean de La Fontaine, François Rabelais, Patrick R. Chalmers, Michel de Montaigne, Joseph Conrad, George William Curtis, Samuel Butler, T. S. Eliot, A. E. Housman, Oscar Hammerstein II, Edgar Allan Poe, Charles E. Carryl, Samuel Johnson, Thomas Carlyle, Edward Lear, Henry David Thoreau, Sophocles, Robert Frost, and Charles Darwin.

By 1931, however, he had turned his attention to writing, penning the book for the musical The Gang's All Here, collaborating with Frank McCoy, Morrie Ryskind and Oscar Hammerstein II.

Perhaps their best-known collaboration was on the book for the 1960 Tony Award-winning musical The Sound of Music, which featured music by Richard Rodgers and lyrics by Crouse's old collaborator Oscar Hammerstein II.

The New Moon is the name of an operetta with music by Sigmund Romberg and book and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, Frank Mandel, and Laurence Schwab.

Rose-Marie is an operetta-style musical with music by Rudolf Friml and Herbert Stothart, and book and lyrics by Otto Harbach and Oscar Hammerstein II.

Arthur Hammerstein still liked the Canadian setting, and Oscar Hammerstein II and Harbach began work on the book for a new musical set in the Canadian Rockies.

According to musical theatre historian Miles Kreuger in his book Show Boat: The History of a Classic American Musical however, Mahin retained most of the basic structure of the storyline, but little of Oscar Hammerstein II's stage dialogue, preferring to create his own.

Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella is a musical written for television, with music by Richard Rodgers and a book and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II.

In an interview with Time Magazine, Hammerstein said that " It took me seven months to write the book and lyrics for Cinderella ".

" But he complained about the book (" What possessed Mr. Hammerstein to turn the stepsisters into distasteful vaudeville clowns?

In 1950, Landon sold the musical play rights to Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II, who created the musical The King and I from her book.