A classical rabbinic work, Avoth de-Rabbi Natan, states: " One time, when Rabban Yochanan ben Zakkai was walking in Jerusalem with Rabbi Yehosua, they arrived at where the Temple in Jerusalem now stood in ruins.

" Then Rabbi Yohannan ben Zakkai spoke to him these words of comfort: " Be not grieved, my son.

Yohanan ben Zakkai, a leading Pharisee, was appointed the first Patriarch ( the Hebrew word, Nasi, also means prince, or president ), and he reestablished the Sanhedrin at Yavneh ( see the related Council of Jamnia ) under Pharisee control.

He learned with him until he died, at which point he moved to Yavneh to study at the feet of ben Zakkai, as well as Gamliel II HaNasi ( the Prince ), and Yehoshua ben Chananya.

Johanan ben Zakkai established that the shofar trumpets be blown at Jamnia and the surrounding places even if the festival fell on the Sabbath, while at one time this was done only in the Temple ( iv. 1 ); he also fixed the lulav outside of the Temple for seven days, and forbade the eating of new grain on the second day of Passover ( iv. 2 ); he extended the time for examining witnesses until the evening, and had them come to Jamnia even in the absence of the av bet din ( iv. 3 ).

Ordinances of Johanan ben Zakkai concerning Rosh ha-Shanah and the Sabbath, and other matters

The Tosefta omits the ordinances of Gamliel and of Johanan ben Zakkai, and the dispute of the two leaders of the school-house, nor does it mention anything of the power of any tannaitic dignitary ; the Tosefta is here a product of the time of the Amoraim.

The list of the exilarchs down to the end of the 9th century is given as follows in an old document " Mediæval Jewish Chronicles ," i. 196: " Bostanai, Hanina ben Adoi, Hasdai I, Solomon, Isaac Iskawi I, Judah Zakkai ( Babawai ), Moses, Isaac Iskawi II, David ben Judah, Hasdai II.

Judah Zakkai, who is called " Zakkai ben Ahunai " by Sherira, had as rival candidate Natronai ben Habibai, who, however, was defeated and sent West in banishment ; this Natronai was a great scholar, and, according to tradition, while in Spain wrote the Talmud from memory.

After a short interregnum ' Ukba's nephew, David ben Zakkai, became exilarch ; but he had to contend for nearly two years with Kohen Zedek before he was finally confirmed in his power ( 921 ).

David ben Zakkai was the last exilarch to play an important part in history.

When Gaon Hai died in 1038, nearly a century after Saadia's death, the members of his academy could not find a more worthy successor than the exilarch Hezekiah, a descendant, perhaps a great-grandson, of David ben Zakkai, who thereafter filled both offices.

Several families, as late as the 14th century, traced their descent back to Josiah, the brother of David ben Zakkai who had been banished to Chorasan ( see the genealogies in 1890 pp. 180 et seq .).

Before Vespasian's departure, the Pharisaic sage and Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai obtained his permission to establish a Judaic school at Yavne.

** Yohanan ben Zakkai

* Yohanan ben Zakkai ( 1st century AD )

This event directly led to the escape of Yochanan ben Zakkai out of Jerusalem, who met Vespasian, a meeting which led to the foundation of the Academy of Yavneh which produced the Mishnah which led to the survival of rabbinical Judaism.

: Once, Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakkai was walking with his disciple, Rabbi Yehoshua, near Jerusalem after the destruction of the Temple.

" Then Rabbi Yohannan ben Zakkai spoke to him these words of comfort: " Be not grieved, my son.

His biographer ben Khalliken, who died in 1282, said that even in his lifetime great shatranj players were said to play like al-Suli.

Rabbi Zechariah ben Hakatsab said, " By this Temple, her hand did not stir from my hand from the time the non-Jews entered Jerusalem until they went out.

Among his teachers in Talmud were Judah ben Yakkar and Meïr ben Nathan of Trinquetaille, and he is said to have been instructed in Kabbalah ( Jewish mysticism ) by his countryman Azriel of Gerona, who was in turn a disciple of Isaac the Blind.

Karaites were said to have attended his lectures, among them being Aaron ben Joseph the Elder, who later became one of the greatest Karaite authorities ( although Graetz writes that there is no veracity to that ).

Casar ... hoped ye Duke tho he had ben Victorious over the Enemy would not think of being so over a House of Commons: wch was said in pursuance to a Motion made by some of the Craftier sort that would not oppose the proposition directly but turn it off by a Side-Wind pretending that it being a money affaire it should be refer'd to a Committee of the whole House wch in all probability would have defeated the whole affaire ...'.

: Rabbi Alexandri said in the name of Rabi Yehoshua ben Levi: One who has prayed should take three steps backward and afterwards pray for peace.

It is said that he introduced the cross-staff to Portugal ( an invention first described by the Spanish Jew Levi ben Gerson in the 14th century ), but this is a matter of some controversy.

In reference to his name and crutch, he often said " Ik ben rijk en wel gestelt " (" I am rich and well off ", a pun on his name Rijckaert ( rijck means rich, while rijkaard means rich man ), and having to use a crutch ( gestelt means with a crutch, while welgesteld means well off ).

" Rabbi Pinchas ben Yair said:

In the Talmud he is said to have taught Rabbi Ishmael ben Elisha hygiene.

In the times of the said princes lived Simeon ben Shetach, and Judah ben Tabbai, who flourished A. M. 3621, these two separated, the latter from the former, because he could not embrace his inventions which he formed out of his own brain ; and from him the Karaites sprung, who were first called the society or congregation of Judah ben Tabbai, which was afterwards changed into the name of Karaites.

He said to them, ' I prefer the words of Rabbi Elazar ben Arach to yours, because his words include yours as well.

The frequent visits to the palace of the chief of the Pharisaic party, Simeon ben Shetach, who was said to be the queen's brother must have occurred in the early years of Alexander's reign, before Alexander had openly broken with the Pharisees.

Bahir or Sefer HaBahir ס ֵ פ ֶ ר ה ַ ב ָּ ה ִ יר ( Hebrew, " Book of the Brightness ") is an anonymous mystical work, attributed to a 1st century rabbinic sage Nehunya ben HaKanah ( a contemporary of Yochanan ben Zakai ) because it begins with the words, " R. Nehunya ben HaKanah said ".

(" R. Nehunya ben HaKanah said ," the opening sentence )

He chose these names because he claimed to have been a reincarnation of Benayahu ben Yehoyada ( described as Ben Ish Chayil, the son of a valiant man ); the man in whose merit, it is said, both the first and second Holy Temples stood.

I want you to buy me as soon as possible for if you do not get me somebody else will the servents are very disagreeable thay do all thay can to set my mistress against me Dear Husband you not the trouble I see the last two years has ben like a trouble dream to me it is said Master is in want of monney if so I know not what time he may sell me an then all my bright hops of the futer are blasted for there has ben one

If, as has been suggested, the reference in the Talmud to " a star which appears once in seventy years that makes the captains of the ships err " ( see above ) refers to Halley's Comet, it may be a reference to the 66 CE appearance, because this passage is attributed to the Rabbi Yehoshua ben Hananiah.

The Sanhedrin was relocated to Yavne by Yochanan ben Zakai, see also Council of Jamnia.

There is a mid-eighth century, Jewish, apocalypse attributed to the Rabbi ; see The Secrets of Rabbi Simon ben Yohai.

For the medieval poet and philologist, see Menahem ben Saruq.

The first tosafot recorded are those written by Rashi's two sons-in-law, Meïr b. Samuel of Ramerupt ( RaM ) and Judah ben Nathan ( RIBaN ), and by a certain R. Joseph ( Jacob Tam, " Sefer ha-Yashar ," No. 252 ; " Haggahot Mordekai ," Sanh., No. 696 ; see below ).

The most prominent tosafist immediately after Jacob Tam was his pupil and relative Isaac ben Samuel ha-Zaḳen ( RI ) of Dampierre, whose tosafot form a part of the Tosafot Yeshanim ( see below ).

Most of the secular scholars conclude that Aaron ben Asher was indeed a Karaite though there is evidence against this view ( see suggestions for further reading ).

For the great rabbi from the Second Commonwealth period, see Eliezer ben Hurcanus.

: For the Jewish Tanna of the 3d generation of the Tannaic era, see Eleazar ben Judah of Bartota.

with the death of the 112th High Priest Shlomyah ben Pinhas, when the priesthood was transferred to the sons of Itamar ; see article Samaritan for list of High Priests from 1613 to 2004-the 131st High priest of the Samaritans is Elazar ben Tsedaka ben Yitzhaq.

: For the Jewish Tanna sage, see Symmachus ben Joseph.

The High Priest Ananus ben Ananus took advantage of this lack of imperial oversight to assemble a Sanhedrin ( although the correct translation of the Greek ' synhedion kriton ' is ' a council of judges ', see Synedrion for the Greek use of the word ) who condemned James " on the charge of breaking the law ," then had him executed by stoning.

He also condemned Menahem ben Saruq for failing to see the relationship between Hebrew and Arabic.

A great deal of poetry was written, by poets such as Dunash ben Labrat, Solomon ibn Gabirol, Judah ha-Levi, David Hakohen and the two Ibn Ezras, in a " purified " Hebrew based on the work of these grammarians, and in Arabic quantitative metres ( see piyyut ).

321 ) attribute the authorship to Israeli, because Abraham ibn Ḥasdai ( see above ), and Jedaiah Bedersi in his apologetical letter to Solomon ben Adret (" Orient, Lit.

In 1611 Falk and Enoch Hendel ben Shemariah issued a bill of divorce at Vienna which occasioned lengthy discussions among the celebrated rabbis of the time, including Meir Lublin and Mordecai Yoffe ( see " She ' elot u-Teshubot MaHaRaM ", Nos.

It is interesting to note that Rabbi Zerachiah ben Isaac Ha-Levi Gerondi ( Hebrew: רבינו זרחיה הלוי ); the Baal Ha-Maor ( author of the book Ha-Maor ), went as far as to write that " he who does not eat warm food ( on Shabbos ) should be checked out to see if he is not a Min ( an heretic )".

For legends concerning Elisha see Johanan ben Nappaha ; Rabbi Meir ; compare also Gnosticism.