The Norse discovery was documented in the 13th century Icelandic Sagas and was corroborated by recent L ' Anse aux Meadows archeological evidence.

Earlier than 900 CE progressing past the 13th century, the population complexes were a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples.

In marked contrast to earlier constructions and villages on top of the mesas, the cliff dwellings at Mesa Verde reflected a region-wide trend towards the aggregation of growing regional populations into close, highly defensible quarters during the 13th century.

Near Kayenta, Arizona, Jonathan Haas of the Field Museum in Chicago has been studying a group of Ancient Pueblo villages that relocated from the canyons to the high mesa tops during the late 13th century.

He asserts that isolated communities relied on raiding for food and supplies, and that internal conflict and warfare became common in the 13th century.

In the 13th century, Ibn al-Nafis wrote his own novel Fadil ibn Natiq, known as Theologus Autodidactus in the West, as a critical response to Hayy ibn Yaqdhan.

When the great reform of the 11th century had put an end to the direct jurisdiction of the lay abbots, the honorary title of abbot continued to be held by certain of the great feudal families, as late as the 13th century and later, the actual head of the community retaining that of dean.

These ideas were found in a number of Kabbalistic works from the 13th century, and also among many mystics in the late 16th century.

The primary sources regarding Asgard come from the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Icelandic Snorri Sturluson, and the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from a basis of much older Skaldic poetry.

Snorri's interpretation of the 13th century foreshadows 20th century views of Indo-European migration from the east.

* Wikisource: Prose Edda / Gylfaginning ( The Fooling Of Gylfe ) by Sturluson, Snorri, 13th century Edda, in English.

The pair are attested in both the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson.

His family, like many Wallaces, claimed a connection to William Wallace, a Scottish patriot and leader during the Wars of Scottish Independence in the 13th century.

Active contact between the Wajin ( the ethnically Japanese ) and the Ainu of Ezochi ( now known as Hokkaido ) began in the 13th century.

A rare High Medieval image of Alfred, 13th century

Dante Alighieri, in the Divine Comedy, recounts that he saw Alfonso's spirit seated outside the gates of Purgatory with the other monarchs whom Dante blamed for the chaotic political state of Europe during the 13th century.

It is against this background that two religious orders or congregations, one of men and one of women, when founded in the Milan area during the 13th and 15th centuries, took Saint Ambrose as their patron and hence adopted his name.

The Mongol Empire conquered a large part of Asia in the 13th century, an area extending from China to Europe.

Most of the region was a part of the Kingdom of Sweden from the 13th century to 1809, when the vast majority of the Finnish-speaking areas of Sweden were ceded to the Russian Empire ( excluding the Finnish-speaking areas of the modern-day Northern Sweden ), making this area the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland.

In the 13th century the Mongol horde passed through and caused massive destruction in the area.

In the early 13th century, two German religious orders, the Teutonic Knights and the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, conquered much of the area that is now Estonia and Latvia, in addition to parts of Lithuania.

The shoes originate in the Catalonian region of Spain as early as the 13th century, and were commonly worn by peasants in the farming communities in the area.

In Casamance, the Baïnounks, the Manjaques and Diola inhabited the coastal area while the mainland – unified 13th century under the name of Kaabu – was occupied by the Mandingo.

The Mongols conquered a large part of this area early in the 13th century.

The Yakuts migrated north from their original area of settlement in the vicinity of Lake Baikal under the pressure of the Mongol expansion during the 13th to 15th century.

The Republic of Venice was a major maritime power during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, and a staging area for the Crusades and the Battle of Lepanto, as well as a very important center of commerce ( especially silk, grain, and spice ) and art in the 13th century up to the end of the 17th century.

* 2, 149, 690 km < sup > 2 </ sup > -- Saudi Arabia ( country ranked 13th by area )

A late Hellenistic funerary monument erroneously labelled the " Tomb of Theron " is situated just outside the sacred area, and a 1st-century AD heroon ( heroic shrine ) adjoins the 13th century Church of San Nicola a short distance to the north.

Although archaeological findings in the area date back to the Stone Age, the town of Turku was founded in late 13th century.

In the first half of the 13th Century, a city wall was built around the area of the former castrum as well as the adjoining industrial area to the east and the churches of St. Peter and St. Urs.

By calculating the area under the relevant portion of the graph for 50 trials, the archaeologist can say that there is practically no chance the site was inhabited in the 11th and 12th centuries, about 1 % chance that it was inhabited during the 13th century, 63 % chance during the 14th century and 36 % during the 15th century.

From the 6th to the 13th century it grew larger and more populous than modern Samarkand and was controlled by the Western Turks, Arabs ( who converted the area to Islam ), Persian Samanids, Kara-Khanid Turks, Seljuk Turks, Kara-Khitan, and Khorezmshah before the Mongols arrived in 1220.

The dwellings of that region were inhabited by the Ancient Pueblo Peoples ( Anasazi ), and a long drought in the area in the late 13th century may have caused them to move to the Rio Grande where the water supply was more dependable.

* Kolomotu ' a ( Kolo meaning " town " or " settlement ", motu ' a meaning " old "), encompassing the city's original settlement at the old fort of Nukualofa, including the area of Tavatu ' utolu ( Longolongo ), Sopu ' o Vave ( now Sopu ' o Taufa ' ahau ), Tongata ' eapa, Tufuenga, Kapeta and all the western area where it was the traditional settlement of the Tu ' i Kanokupolu from Mumui the 13th Tu ' i Kanokupolu to Aleamotu ' a the 18th Tu ' i Kanokupolu.

The word entered the English language from the Old French marchis (" ruler of a border area ") in the late 13th or early 14th century.

The city center includes many monumental buildings dating back to the 14th and 15th centuries, and some even date back to the 13th century such as a retirement home area.

In the 13th century, the Lake Baikal area came under Mongol influence.

The North Slope Borough is the largest county-level political subdivision in the United States by area, with a larger land area than that of the state of Utah ( itself the 13th largest state in the nation ).

Some other baronies became abeyant in the 13th century, and the abeyance has yet to be terminated.

Between the 11th and 13th centuries, the Romanesque style Bonn Minster was built, and in 1597 Bonn became the seat of the Archdiocese of Cologne.

Dontrelle Willis became the 13th member of the Black Aces when he defeated the Washington Nationals to earn his 20th win.

As production became more specialized, trade guilds were divided and subdivided, eliciting the squabbles over jurisdiction that produced the paperwork by which economic historians trace their development: there were 101 trades in Paris by 1260, and earlier in the century the metalworking guilds of Nuremberg were already divided among dozens of independent trades, in the boom economy of the 13th century.

In Europe, its use became widespread in the 13th century, and peaked in the 14th and 15th centuries.

At the same time, Catalan and Galician became the standard languages in their respective territories, developing important literary traditions and being the normal languages in which public and private documents were issued: Galician from the 13th to the 16th century in Galicia and nearby regions of Asturias and Leon, and Catalan from the 12th to the 18th century in Catalonia, the Balearic Islands and Valencia, where it was known as Valencian.

After the weakening of the Byzantine Empire and the Bulgarian Empire in the middle and late 13th century, most of the Albanian territory became part of the Serbian state.

South of Ardnamurchan Gaelic place names are the most common and, after the 13th century, Gaelic became the main language of the entire Hebridean archipelago.

Hanover was a small village of ferrymen and fishermen that became a comparatively large town in the 13th century due to its position at a natural crossroads.

In the early 13th century, Bishop Thomas became the first bishop of Finland.

The earliest evidence of Islamised populations in Indonesia dates to the 13th century in northern Sumatra ; other Indonesian areas gradually adopted Islam which became the dominant religion in Java and Sumatra by the end of the 16th century.

They experienced Norse incursions during the early Middle Ages and then became part of the Kingdom of Scotland in the 13th century.

On the steamboat trip upriver, he became ill ; on the 13th he left Brierfield to return to New Orleans.

He recovered his goal-scoring form the following season, and was an ever-present player in the league once again, scoring 13 goals as Liverpool became league champions for the 13th time, and the third time since Dalglish's arrival.

In the 13th century the town suffered much from the ravages of the Albigensian war and from the Inquisition, but by 1317 it had recovered sufficiently to be chosen by John XXII as the head of a diocese of which the basilica of St Théodard became the cathedral.

In the 13th century, Magdeburg became a member of the Hanseatic League.

The language in turn became the status language chosen by the Navarrese kings, nobility and upper classes for official and trade purposes in the period stretching from the early 13th century to late 14th century.

The Arabs lost sight of Aristotle's political science but continued to study Plato's Republic which became the basic text of Judeo-Islamic political philosophy as in the works of Alfarabi and Averroes ; this did not happen in the Christian world, where Aristotle's Politics was translated in the 13th century and became the basic text as in the works of Saint Thomas Aquinas.

Finding himself now in secure surroundings, Innocent summoned as many bishops as could get to Lyon to attend what became the 13th General ( Ecumenical ) Council of the Church, the first in Lyon.

Iron horseshoes became common by the 13th or 14th century.

Iron became increasingly common from the 13th century BC, mainly due to the collapse of the bronze producing civilizations.

In England smuggling first became a recognised problem in the 13th century, following the creation of a national customs collection system by Edward I in 1275.

The German Teutonic Knights conquered the region during the 13th century and the Bishopric of Samland became, along with Bishopric of Pomesania, Bishopric of Ermland, and Bishopric of Culm, one of the four dioceses of Prussia in 1243.