Bronze is also used for the windings of steel and nylon strings of various stringed instruments such as the double bass, piano, harpsichord, and the guitar ..

Bronze does not necessarily contain tin, and a variety of alloys of copper, including alloys with arsenic, phosphorus, aluminium, manganese, and silicon, are commonly termed " bronze ".

Bronze parts are tough and typically used for bearings, clips, electrical connectors and springs.

Bronze has been used in the manufacture of various types of medals for centuries, and are known in contemporary times for being awarded to the second-runner up in sporting competitions and other events.

The Bronze Star Medal is awarded only to service members in combat who are receiving imminent danger pay.

Since the award criteria state that the Bronze Star Medal may be awarded to " any person ... while serving in any capacity in or with " the U. S. Armed Forces, awards to members of foreign armed services serving with the United States are permitted.

Additional awards of the Bronze Star Medal are denoted by oak leaf clusters in the Army and Air Force and 5 / 16 inch stars in the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard.

The oldest catalogues of stars and constellations are from Old Babylonian astronomy, beginning in the Middle Bronze Age.

Bronze has several characteristics that made it preferable as a construction material: although it is relatively expensive, does not always alloy well, and can result in a final product that is " spongy about the bore ", bronze is more flexible than iron and therefore less prone to bursting when exposed to high pressure ; cast iron cannon are less expensive and more durable generally than bronze and withstand being fired more times without deteriorating.

Examples from elsewhere in Orkney are the Vinquoy cairn, found at an elevated location on the north end of the island of Eday and Quoyness on Sanday constructed about 2900 BC and which is surrounded by an arc of Bronze Age mounds.

They do not seem to have been politically centralised: coins are relatively rare, none of them locally minted, and the structure, distribution and construction of Bronze Age and Iron Age hill forts, " rounds " and defensible farmsteads in the south west point to a number of smaller tribal groups living alongside each other.

The earliest metal daggers are of Beaker copper and appear in the early Bronze Age, in the 3rd millennium BC, predating the Bronze Age sword.

Late Bronze Age, Iron Age and Roman four-posters are square arrangements of postholes, around 2-4m square.

Four-posters are hardly exact astronomical observatories, they should be thought of more as a memento of home for Bronze Age travellers who were ill-equipped to undertake workings on the size of the grand recumbent-stone circles of the soon distant north east.

If subdivision is necessary, periods of human technological development, such as the Mesolithic, Neolithic, and Bronze Age, are usually used.

Cadmium and Gold are used for plating surfaces which gives them good corrosion resistance and sliding properties, Lead, Tin, Zinc alloys and various Bronze alloys are used as sliding bearings, or their powder can be used to lubricate sliding surfaces alone, or as additives to greases.

Phrases such as Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Steel Age are good examples.

The earliest boats discovered date from the Bronze Age and are constructed of hollowed out logs or sewn planks.

The most notable architectural remains from early Mesopotamia are the temple complexes at Uruk from the 4th millennium BC, temples and palaces from the Early Dynastic period sites in the Diyala River valley such as Khafajah and Tell Asmar, the Third Dynasty of Ur remains at Nippur ( Sanctuary of Enlil ) and Ur ( Sanctuary of Nanna ), Middle Bronze Age remains at Syrian-Turkish sites of Ebla, Mari, Alalakh, Aleppo and Kultepe, Late Bronze Age palaces at Bogazkoy ( Hattusha ), Ugarit, Ashur and Nuzi, Iron Age palaces and temples at Assyrian ( Kalhu / Nimrud, Khorsabad, Nineveh ), Babylonian ( Babylon ), Urartian ( Tushpa / Van Kalesi, Cavustepe, Ayanis, Armavir, Erebuni, Bastam ) and Neo-Hittite sites ( Karkamis, Tell Halaf, Karatepe ).

At the end of this period a new landscape emerges: the northern Canaanite cities still existed, more or less intact, and became the Phoenicians ; the highlands behind the coastal plains, previously largely uninhabited, were rapidly filling with villages, largely Canaanite in their basic culture but without the Bronze Age city-state structure ; and along the southern coastal plain there are clear signs that a non-Canaanite people had taken over the former Canaanite cities while adopting almost all aspects of Canaanite culture.

The carvings are difficult to date, but are morphologically similar to late Bronze Age weapons ; recent laser scanning work on the carvings supports this interpretation.

Bronze is still commonly used in ship propellers and submerged bearings.

Archaeologists and historians see more continuity than discontinuity between these highland settlements and the preceding Late Bronze Canaanite culture ; certain features such as ceramic repertoire and agrarian settlement plans have been said to be distinctives of highland sites, and collar-rimmed jars and four-roomed houses have been said to be intrinsically " Israelite ," but have also been said to belong to a commonly shared culture throughout Iron I Canaan.

It is unlikely that either Proto-Celtic or Proto-Germanic entered western Europe as late as the 7th century BC ; their formation was commonly associated with the Bronze Age Urnfield and Nordic Bronze Age cultures, respectively.

Such " wheel pendants " from the Bronze Age usually had four spokes, and are commonly identified as solar symbols or " sun cross ".

Bronze fittings and short pipe segments are commonly used in combination with various materials.

Their shape was already established by the Bronze Age in Asia Minor and Ancient Greece., and mattocks () were the most commonly depicted tool in Byzantine manuscripts of Hesiod's Works and Days.

During the Bronze Age, Bosnia was inhabited by people of supposed Indo-European stock, commonly referred to by ancient Greeks and later Romans by a single name, Illyrians.

Superb Fairywrens also commonly play host to the brood parasite Horsfield's Bronze Cuckoo ( Chrysococcyx basalis ) and, less commonly, the Shining Bronze Cuckoo ( C. lucidus ) and Fan-tailed Cuckoo ( Cacomantis flabelliformis ).

Chinese bronze inscriptions, also commonly referred to as Bronze script or Bronzeware script are writing in a variety of Chinese scripts on Chinese ritual bronzes such as zhōng bells and dǐng tripodal cauldrons from the Shang dynasty to the Zhou dynasty and even later.

Bronze, whilst easier to work with, was much less commonly available ( requiring copper and tin, which are almost never found in close proximity ).

This is commonly named Gold, Silver and Bronze Support.

One commonly used ending point for the Bronze Age is the 1985-1986 time frame.

Thus while " Phoenician " and " Canaanite " refer to the same culture, archaeologists and historians commonly refer to the Bronze Age, pre-1200 BC Levantines as Canaanites and their Iron Age descendants, particularly those living on the coast, as Phoenicians.

Bronze and brass are most commonly used, favoured for their resistance to saltwater corrosion.

The Bronze Age civilization at its final period of time, displayed all its characteristic social traits: low level of urbanization, small cities centered around temples or royal palaces, strict separation of classes between an illiterate mass of peasants and craftsmen, and a powerful military elite, knowledge of writing and education reserved to a tiny minority of scribes, and pronounced aristocratic life.

Agate is one of the most common materials used in the art of hardstone carving, and has been recovered at a number of ancient sites, indicating its widespread use in the ancient world ; for example, archaeological recovery at the Knossos site on Crete illustrates its role in Bronze Age Minoan culture.

Though there was no Bronze Age city on the site, archaeology has detected human activity that is evident from the earliest Iron Age, circa 1100 BC.

Their non-Greek language is confirmed on the site by inscriptions in the Cypriot syllabary which alone in the Aegean world survived the Bronze Age collapse and continued to be used down to the 4th century BC.

A special burial ground for infants, a tophetAgelarakis A., “ The Amathous ( tophet ) cremations in Cyprus ”, In D. Christou on “ Human Cremations at the Western Necropolis of Amathous ” < Cremations in Bronze and Early Iron Age >, Proceedings of Int.

Paiste also use a secret Bronze alloy in their top-end cymbal ranged, thought to be B12 or B14, adding brightness without much compromise on strength

During the past few centuries of detailed, scientific study of the Bronze Age, it has become clear that on the whole, the use of copper or bronze was only the most stable and therefore the most diagnostic part of a cluster of features marking the period.

Although the Iron Age generally followed the Bronze Age, in some areas, the Iron Age intruded directly on the Neolithic from outside the region except for Sub-Saharan Africa where it was developed independently.

The term " Bronze Age " ultimately derives from the Ages of Man, the stages of human existence on the Earth according to Greek mythology.

The Bronze Age on the Indian subcontinent began around 3300 BC with the beginning of the Indus Valley civilization.

The Air Force contended that meritorious service awards of the Bronze Star outnumber valor awards, and that it views awards on a case-by-case basis to maintain the integrity of the award.

The numerous Sumerian names in these catalogues suggest that they build on older, but otherwise unattested, Sumerian traditions of the Early Bronze Age.

The game begins in 4000 BC, before the Bronze Age, and can last through to 2100 AD ( on the easiest setting ) with Space Age and " future technologies ".

* Bronze quadriga on Palace of Justice, Rome

Fair Isle has been occupied since the Bronze Age which is remarkable because of the lack of raw materials on the island, although it is surrounded by rich fishing waters.

Originating about 1800 BC from the Corded Ware Culture on the North German plain, the Germanic peoples expanded into southern Scandinavia and toward the Vistula river during the Nordic Bronze Age, reaching the lower Danube by 200 BC.

Visiting the Museum in Nicosia, he studied the Bronze Age swords of the island, successfully hafting one of them, on the basis of which he wrote a paper entitled " The Problem of the Cypriot Bronze Dagger Hilt ", which would subsequently be translated into both French and Danish, being published in the journals of the Société Préhistorique Française and the Vaabenhistorisk Selskab respectively.

The cairns and Megalithic monuments continued into the Bronze age, and hill forts started to appear, such as Eildon Hill near Melrose in the Scottish Borders, which goes back to around 1000 BC and which accommodated several hundred houses on a fortified hilltop.

There is evidence of prehistoric settlements at the site of the town: flint arrowheads and Bronze Age artefacts have been found ; Iron Age forts have been excavated on both the East and West Hills suggests an early move to the safety of the valley in between, so that the settlement was already a port when the Romans arrived in Britain for the first time in 55 BC.

Cladh Hallan, a Bronze Age settlement on South Uist is the only site in the UK where prehistoric mummies have been found.

Bronze Age settlers also constructed megaliths at various sites, many of them dating from the second millennium BC, although the chambered cairns were replaced by burial cists, found on for example, Inchmarnock.