They did so at the invitation of their long-time ally, king Philip V of Macedon, a direct descendant of Antigonus, one of the Diadochi, the generals of Alexander the Great who had shared out his empire after his death in 323 BC.

By the time Esther was written, the foreign power visible on the horizon as a future threat to Judah was the Macedonians of Alexander the Great, who defeated the Persian empire about 150 years after the time of the story of Esther ; the Septuagint version noticeably calls Haman a " bully " ( βουγαῖον ) where the Hebrew text describes him as an Agagite.

Greek power and influence reached its zenith under Alexander the Great, who created an empire that streched from Greece in the north and west to India in the east and Egypt in the south.

Under Alexander the Great, this force turned east, and in a series of three decisive battles, routed the Persian forces and took their empire, which included Egypt and the Phoenician lands.

On the death of Alexander the Great ( 322 ) his generals divided the empire between them.

Alexander the Great conquered this empire in the 4th century BC.

The region of northern Canaan was subsequently merged into the empire of Alexander the Great, who notably conquered Tyre ( 332 BC ) by extending a still-extant causeway from the mainland in a seven-month effort.

Philip's son Alexander the Great conquered most of the remainder of the region, incorporating it in his empire, with exclusion of Dardania.

Crushing the Persian Achaemenid empire, Alexander the Great, the Greek king from Macedonia, eventually invaded the region of modern Pakistan and conquered much of the Punjab region.

Even the gods and heroes were primarily depicted barefoot, and the hoplite warriors fought battles in bare feet and Alexander the Great conquered his vast empire with barefoot armies.

The Seleucid Empire (; from, ) was a Greek-Macedonian state that came into existence following the carve up of the empire created by Alexander the Great following his death.

Alexander conquered the Persian Empire under its last Achaemenid dynast, Darius III, within a short time-frame and died young, leaving an expansive empire of partly Hellenised culture without an adult heir.

The immense size of the empire, followed by its encompassing nature, made the Seleucid rulers have a governing interest in implementing a policy of racial unity initiated by Alexander.

Alexander dreamed of an east / west union, but when his short life ended, his vast empire was plunged into civil war as his generals each carved out their own separate kingdoms.

The Greek and Latin historians suggested that Alexander the Great withdrew from India anticipating the valiant counter attack of the mighty Gangaridai empire that was located in the Bengal region.

For a brief period, after the conquests of Alexander the Great, it became the most powerful state in the world, controlling a territory that included the former Persian empire, stretching as far as the Indus River ; at that time it inaugurated the Hellenistic period of Ancient Greek civilization.

Philip's son, Alexander the Great ( 356 – 323 BC ), managed to briefly extend Macedonian power not only over the central Greek city-states by becoming Hegemon of the League of Corinth ( also known as the " Hellenic League "), but also to the Persian empire, including Egypt and lands as far east as the fringes of India.

Darius reportedly offered all of his empire west of the Euphrates River to Alexander in exchange for peace several times, each time denied by Alexander against the advice of his senior commanders.

Pope Leo XIII began his pontificate with a friendly letter to Tzar Alexander II, in which he reminded the Russian monarch of the millions of Catholics living in his empire, who would like to be good Russian subjects, provided their dignity is respected.

In the theoretical framework of imperial systems posited by Alexander J. Motyl the Aztec empire was an informal or hegemonic empire because it did not exert supreme authority over the conquered lands, it merely expected tributes to be paid.

The first major step in opening the Silk Road between the East and the West came with the expansion of Alexander the Great's empire into Central Asia.

For example, " If Alexander had lived, his empire would have been greater than Rome ".

East of Porus ' kingdom, near the Ganges River, Alexander faces the powerful empire of Magadha ruled by the Nanda dynasty.

The inscription states in detail that the rebellions, which had resulted from the deaths of Cyrus the Great and his son Cambyses II, were orchestrated by several impostors and their co-conspirators in various cities throughout the empire, each of whom falsely proclaimed kinghood during the upheaval following Cyrus's death.

It is also known that Tigranes the Great, king of Armenia, was named as the king of kings when he made his empire after defeating the Parthians.

In 538 BCE, Cyrus the Great of Persia conquered Babylon and took over its empire.

When Babylon fell to the Persian Cyrus the Great in 539 BCE, Judah ( or Yehud medinata, the " province of Yehud ") became an administrative division within the Persian empire.

Great Zimbabwe was the first city in Southern Africa and was the center of an empire, consolidating lesser Shona polities.

Indeed, in the 5th century the portrait of the reigning emperor was still honoured this way in the courts of justice and municipal buildings of the empire and in 425 the Arian Philostorgius charged the orthodox in Constantinople with idolatry because they still honored the image of the emperor Constantine the Great, the founder of the city, in this way.

He went to the United States following the American Revolutionary War and built a fur-trading empire that extended to the Great Lakes region and Canada, and later expanded into the American West and Pacific coast.

The Sunni Seljuqs had formerly ruled the Great Seljuq Empire, but this empire had collapsed into several smaller states after the death of Malik-Shah I in 1092.

Some constituent states of the empire did embrace Mercantilism, most notably Prussia, which under Frederick the Great had perhaps the most rigidly controlled economy in Europe.

Makra corresponds to modern day Bahrain, Qatar, and United Arab Emirates, plus the northern half of Oman as well as Balochistan and the Sindh province of Pakistan. Cyrus the Great united several ancient Iranian tribes to create an empire.

After the collapse of the Hun empire after the Battle of Nedao ( 453 ), the Ostrogoths under Theodoric the Great first moved to Moesia ( c. 475 – 488 ) and later conquered the Italian Kingdom of the German warrior Odoacer.

The Great Game: the struggle for empire in Central Asia.

Much of the eastern part of the empire was conquered by the Parthians under Mithridates I of Parthia in the mid-2nd century BC, yet the Seleucid kings continued to rule a rump state from Syria until the invasion by Armenian king Tigranes the Great and their ultimate overthrow by the Roman general Pompey.

Methodius now continued the work among the Slavs alone ; not at first in Great Moravia, but in Pannonia ( in the Balaton Principality ), owing to the political circumstances of the former country, where Rastislav had been taken captive by his nephew Svatopluk, then delivered over to Carloman, and condemned in a diet of the empire at the end of 870.

Sargon of Akkad ( Sharru-kin = " legitimate king ", possibly a title he took on gaining power ; 24th century BC ) defeated and captured Lugal-Zage-Si in the Battle of Uruk and conquered his empire.

Afonso de Albuquerque ( or archaically spelt as Aphonso d ' Albuquerque and also spelt as Alfonso, and Alphonso ; ; 1453December 16, 1515 ), 1st Duke of Goa, was a Portuguese fidalgo, or nobleman, an admiral whose military and administrative activities as second governor of Portuguese India conquered and established the Portuguese colonial empire in the Indian Ocean.

Map showing the expansion of the Aztec empire showing the areas conquered by the Aztec rulers.

Bursa remained to be the most important administrative and commercial center in the empire until Mehmed II conquered Istanbul in 1453.

By the early 19th century, Kanem-Bornu was clearly an empire in decline, and in 1808 Fulani warriors conquered Ngazargamu.

Romans realised that granting citizenship to people from all over the empire legitimized Roman rule over conquered areas.

Aztec civilization developed into a large empire that, much like the Roman Empire, had the goal of exacting tribute from the conquered colonial areas.

Its use began to develop from this original sense when the Hebrew Bible was translated into Greek ; in Ancient Greece the term διασπορά ( diaspora ) meant " scattering " and was used to refer to citizens of a dominant city-state who emigrated to a conquered land with the purpose of colonization, to assimilate the territory into the empire.

The biggest extension of Eritrea was reached during the Italian empire ( 1936 – 1941 ), when northern parts of conquered Ethiopia were assigned to Eritrea by the Italians as a reward for the Eritrean " Ascaris '" help in the conquest of Ethiopia

The first Latin Emperors of Constantinople on the other hand had to be present in the newly conquered capital of their empire, because that was the only place where they could be granted to become emperor.

By 141 BC the Parthians had established themselves as an empire, after the Seleucid model, and had conquered all of Iran and Mesopotamia.

In 712 CE an Arab Muslim general called Muhammad bin Qasim conquered most of the Indus region in modern day Pakistan, for the Umayyad empire, to be made the " As-Sindh " province with its capital at Al-Mansurah, north of modern Hyderabad in Sindh, Pakistan.

Emerging from the Arabian Peninsula, the Muslims quickly conquered the collapsing Persian empire.

He further centralized the administration of the empire by selecting administrators from loyal servants and families and assigning them to conquered territories.

He and his son Mutope conquered the Zimbabwe Plateau, going through Mozambique to the east coast, linking the empire to the coastal trade.

To the north, Shamshi-Adad I was undertaking expansionistic wars, although his untimely death would fragment his newly conquered Semitic empire.

Gaul is still held by the Roman Empire when it is conquered, and Arthur's victory naturally leads to a further confrontation between his empire and Rome's.

By the early 19th century, Kanem-Bornu was clearly an empire in decline, and in 1808 Fulani warriors conquered Ngazargamu.

The Arabs had become familiar with the game as early as the eighth century when the Islamic empire conquered Persia, where the game of chess was alleged to have been originated.

The monarchy collapsed in 1896 when the island was conquered and absorbed into the French colonial empire, from which the island gained independence in 1960.

The empire expanded throughout West Africa from the 8th century until 1078, when it was conquered by the Almoravids.