Israel Shahak (; born Himmelstaub, April 28, 1933 – July 2, 2001 ) was a Polish-born Holocaust survivor and Israeli professor of chemistry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, known especially as a liberal political thinker, author, and civil rights activist.

Born in Warsaw, Poland, Shahak was the youngest child of a cultured, religious, pro-Zionist, Ashkenazi Jewish family.

Shahak first became concerned about Israel ’ s direction because of David Ben-Gurion's statement during the 1956 Suez War that Israel was fighting for " the kingdom of David and Solomon.

Shahak then became active with the Israeli League for Human and Civil Rights and was elected its president in 1970.

" Reviewer Sheldon Richman explains that for Shahak, Zionism was both a reflection of, and capitulation to, European antisemitism, " since it, like the anti-Semites, holds that Jews are everywhere aliens who would best be isolated from the rest of the world.

In 1965, Shahak wrote a letter to Ha ' aretz which, according to Dan Rickman, writing in The Guardian in 2009, was the genesis for " he currently major debate within and outside Israel about Orthodox Jewish attitudes to non-Jews ".

In the letter Shahak claimed to have witnessed an Orthodox Jewish man refusing to allow his telephone to be used to call an ambulance for a non-Jew because it was the Jewish Sabbath.

A documentary film about Carlebach directed by Boaz Shahak, " You Never Know ," was released at the Jerusalem Film Festival, also in 2008.

After graduating from high school, Shahak served in the Israel Defense Forces ( IDF ) in an elite regiment.

 In December 1999, Barger linked to a passage by anti-zionist critic Israel Shahak, which drew a concerned response from a fellow blogger and led to allegations of anti-Semitism.

From age 12, Shahak cared for and provided economic support for his mother who survived the Nazi camp in very poor physical condition.

The scenes at the end of the novel, when Oran's gates are reopened, recall the jubilant scenes in Paris when the city was liberated in 1944.

* 1945 – World War II: Filipino troops of the 66th Infantry Regiment, Philippine Commonwealth Army, USAFIP-NL and the American troops of the 33rd and 37th Infantry Division, United States Army was liberated in Baguio City and they fought against the Japanese forces under by General Tomoyuki Yamashita.

Nevertheless, it was 1863 before Eastern Tennessee was liberated.

However, Buddha said that the purity of his heart was so great that, " Should Ananda die without being fully liberated ; he would be king of the gods seven times because of the purity of his heart, or be king of the Indian subcontinent seven times.

On January 27, 1945, Auschwitz was liberated by Soviet troops, a day commemorated around the world as International Holocaust Remembrance Day.

She was the subject of Simone de Beauvoir's 1959 essay, The Lolita Syndrome, which described Bardot as a " locomotive of women's history " and built upon existentialist themes to declare her the first and most liberated woman of post-war France.

In 1945 the island was liberated from the Japanese.

These films show strong affinities with the work of Italian neorealists, not least Roberto Rossellini's neorealist trilogy which included Germany Year Zero ( 1948 ), and are concerned primarily with day-to-day life in the devastated Germany and an initial reaction to the events of the Nazi period ( the full horror of which was first experienced by many in documentary footage from liberated concentration camps ).

The middle series ( plates 48 to 64 ) record the effects of the famine that hit Madrid in 1811 – 12, before the city was liberated from the French.

Ghent was occupied by the Germans in both World Wars but escaped severe destruction and was liberated by the British 7th Desert Rats Armoured Division on September 6, 1944.

Ramsay was looking for argon but, after separating nitrogen and oxygen from the gas liberated by sulfuric acid, he noticed a bright yellow line that matched the D < sub > 3 </ sub > line observed in the spectrum of the Sun.

The largest resistance group, the National Liberation Front ( EAM ), was controlled by the Communists, as was ( Elas ) led by Aris Velouchiotis and a civil war soon broke out between it and non-Communist groups such as the National Republican Greek League ( EDES ) in those areas liberated from the Germans.

The Alsace capital of Strasbourg was liberated by Leclerc's French troops on 23 November 1944.

The capital Tirana was liberated by the partisans on 17 November 1944 after a 20 day battle.

He offered an immediate payment of $ 100, 000, plus the same amount when Cuba was liberated.

The nation was liberated largely by Canadian troops, with the assistance of the British, American and Polish forces, ( see Operation Market Garden ) and French airborne ( see Operation Amherst ).

Soon after Le Mans was liberated by the U. S. 79th and 90th Infantry Divisions on 8 August 1944, engineers of the Ninth Air Force IX Engineering Command began construction of a combat Advanced Landing Ground outside of the town.

Slavery was abolished in 1896, but many of the 500, 000 liberated slaves remained in their former masters ' homes as servants.

The valley of the river Vardar, which was later to become the central area of the Republic of Macedonia, was ruled by the Ottoman Empire prior to the First Balkan War of 1912, with the exception of the brief period in 1878 when it was liberated from Ottoman rule after the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78, becoming part of Bulgaria.

The country was liberated as German troops retreated.

They were dirty, their clothes were torn, and the girl was so exhausted that she fell when she was still twenty feet from the front door.

The silence oppressed him, made him bend low over the horse's neck as if to hide from a wind that had begun to blow far away and was twisting slowly through the darkness in its slow search.

Cabot turned back to the men and he was drunk with the thing they would do, wild to break from the cloying warmth of the saloon into the cold of the ebbing night.

The Gap looming before him -- the place where had confronted Jack English on that day so many years ago -- was his exit from all that had meaning to him.

He was too old -- when he passed up and through the corridor of pines that lined the trail he could see ahead, he was passing from life.

He might tell her how sorry a spectacle she was making of herself, pretending to be blind to the way Julia Fortune had taken Dean's affections from her.

A bullet tore the earth from beneath his foot when he was a stride or two from safety.

It was pitiful to see the thin ranks of warriors, old and young, wheeling and twisting their ponies frantically from side to side only to be tumbled bleeding from their saddles by the relentless slam, slam of the cruelly efficient Hawkinses.

She was carrying a quirt, and she started to raise it, then let it fall again and dangle from her wrist.

It was obvious that he wished himself different from the sort of person he thought he was.

Now, here was something of obvious importance to me, yet when I reached for the tickets he snatched them away from my hand.

It was, I felt, possible that they were men who, having received no tickets for that day, had remained in the hall, to sleep perhaps, in the corners farthest removed from the counter with its overhead light.

Though only a relatively short walk separated it from my own part of town, its character was wholly foreign to me.

The river was only a few blocks away but an unbroken line of piers prevented me from seeing it.

It was to him that Barton had sent Carl Dill on Dill's release from the prison.

Hague, like all who worked near the pits, was partly deafened from the constant assault against his eardrums.

But she was caught in it, and she faced the terrible possibility that, if it were a dream, it was one from which she might never awaken.

He had to depend on himself, since he was invariably miles and hours away from others.

An inquest was held, and after a good deal of testimony about the anonymous notes, the county coroner estimated that the shooting had been done from a distance of 300 yards.