:* Estonian has a distinct letter õ, which contains a tilde.

Modern standard Estonian has evolved on the basis of the dialects of Northern Estonia.

Like Finnish and Hungarian, Estonian is a somewhat agglutinative language, but unlike them, it has lost the vowel harmony of the hypothetical Proto-Uralic language, although in older texts the vowel harmony can still be recognized.

This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon ( Middle Low German ) during the period of German rule, and High German ( including standard German ).

Finland's main language, Finnish, is related to Estonian, and there is and has been a certain feeling of kinship.

Estonian President Toomas Hendrik Ilves commented on the issue, saying that " Estonia has never condemned, and will not condemn foreign affairs decisions of another EU country.

It has been also suggested that in the context the meaning of linda in the archaic Estonian language, that is similar to lidna in Votic, had the same meaning as linna or linn later on meaning a castle or town in English.

In Russian, the city has been known as Юрьев ( Yuryev ) after Yaroslav I the Wise and Дерпт ( Derpt ), a variant of Dorpat ( however, since 1917 the Estonian name Tartu has been used ).

Both Ansip and Kruuse are members of the Estonian Reform Party, which has dominated in Tartu in recent times.

Since the reestablishment of Estonian independence the Estonian International Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity has been established.

The Centre Party, led by the mayor of Tallinn Edgar Savisaar, has been increasingly excluded from collaboration, since his open collaboration with Putin's United Russia party, real estate scandals in Tallinn, and the Bronze Soldier controversy, considered as a deliberate attempt of splitting the Estonian society by provoking the Russian minority.

According to the Centre for Geopolitical Studies, the Russian information campaign which the centre characterises as a " real mud throwing " exercise, has provoked a split in Estonian society amongst Russian speakers, inciting some to riot over the relocation of the Bronze Soldier.

In the Finnish language and Estonian language, the instructive case has the basic meaning of " by means of ".

The Estonian language has a set of six locative cases, three interior and three exterior ones.

For this reason, it has been argued that the Estonian adessive case is really a dative one.

If the name Ruthenia has any connection to the name Rus, a theory generally held in the West connects it the Varangians whom the early Slavic and Finnic tribes called Rus, taking this name from the Old Norse root roðs-or roths-referring to the domain of " rowing " and still existing in the Finnish and Estonian names for Sweden, Ruotsi and Rootsi.

With the restoration of Estonian independence in 1991 however, the national anthem from 1920 by Fredrik Pacius with lyrics by Johann Voldemar Jannsen has been restored.

( 1 ) Everyone has the right to display and use the Estonian flag as long as it is in accordance with the act and follows honoured traditions.

ETV ( Estonian Television ), the public television station, made its first broadcast in 1955, and together with its sister channel ETV2 has ca.

Kallas has been Prime Minister of Estonia, Estonian Minister of Finance, Estonian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Member of the Supreme Council of the Soviet Union

Kallas has been an active participant in the restoration of Estonian statehood.

Despite the emergence of the Popular Front and the Supreme Soviet as a new lawmaking body, since 1989 the different segments of the indigenous Estonian population had been politically mobilized by different and competing actors.

Yarkovsky's insight would have been forgotten had it not been for the Estonian astronomer Ernst J. Öpik ( 1893 – 1985 ), who read Yarkovsky's pamphlet sometime around 1909.

Apart from the Bundeswehr, Unimogs have been used by many different militaries, including the Argentinian, British, Belgian, Danish, Dutch, French, Irish, Indonesian Army, Portuguese, Finnish, Estonian, Greek, Swiss, Chilean, Bolivian Naval Force, Mexican, Pakistani, Rhodesian and Singaporean armed forces.

Spurgeon's works have been translated into many languages, including: Arabic, Armenian, Bengali, Bulgarian, Castilian ( for the Argentine Republic ), Chinese, Kongo, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, French, Gaelic, German, Hindi, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Kaffir, Karen, Lettish, Maori, Norwegian, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Spanish, Swedish, Syriac, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, and Welsh, with a few sermons in Moon's and Braille type for the blind.

While in most the Romance languages the Germans have been named from the Swabians or Alamanni ( some, like standard Italian, retain an older borrowing of the endonym ), the Old Norse, Finnish and Estonian names of the Germans was taken from that of the Saxons.

In the Estonian island of Hiiumaa, home to at least 25 pairs of sea eagles, as many as 26 individuals have been observed simultaneously culling a single cormorant colony.

In May 2007 she collaborated with Bill Rieflin as The Humans for live dates in Estonia where she had been invited personally by the Estonian president.

Among the dead are the Estonian table-tennis player Alari Lindmäe, two Soviet Army generals, and Nikolai Dmitrijev, a Hero of Socialist Labor and one of the Soviet Unions most decorated civil airline pilots who had been the captain of the Tu-134.

In 1990 Estonia had been the first Soviet republic to defy the Soviet army by offering alternative service to Estonian residents scheduled to be drafted.

The decline has been attributed to changes in Estonian society, particularly those experienced in the lead-up to accession to European Union.

The first stronghold is believed to have been built on the hill in either the 10th or 11th century by residents of the ancient Estonian county of Revala.

The 2007 cyberattacks on Estonia is considered to be an information operation against Estonia, with the intent to influence the decisions and actions of the Estonian government ; while Russia denies any direct involvement in the attacks, hostile rhetoric from the political elite via the media influenced people to attack.

Tubin was influenced by Estonian folk music in his earlier works, including a Sinfonietta on Estonian motifs.

Much like early Estonian rock music was a copy of the UK Top 10 back in the sixties, the new Estonian punk music was highly influenced by UK77 and UK82 raw punk rock.

Võro is a descendant of the old South Estonian regional language and is the least influenced by Standard Estonian ( which is based on Northern Estonian dialects ).

The Vyatka breed was influenced by the climate and terrain of the Kirov, Udmurtia and western Perm regions ; Estonian horses and Kleppers brought to northern Russia by Novgorod colonists from the 14th century may have affected its conformation, as may later imports of Estonian horses for mining work in the Ural Mountains.

* 1220 – Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula.

A parliamentary republic was formed by the Estonian Constituent Assembly and the first Constitution of Estonia was adopted on June 15, 1920.

** Kalevipoeg by Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald ( 1853 Estonian mythology )

Estonian ( eesti keel ; ) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1. 1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities.

Estonian grammar published in Reval in 1637 by Heinrich Stahl

The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period.

An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637.

The two languages were united based on northern Estonian by Anton Thor Helle.

The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published.

When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages ( Russian being the other one ).

Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example the initial letter ' h ' in words, preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word ( writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced )

* Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church < nowiki >*</ nowiki > ( autonomy recognized by the Ecumenical Patriarchate but not by the Russian Orthodox Church )

The name " Russia ", together with the Finnish Ruotsi ( which means " Sweden ") and Estonian Rootsi ( which means " Sweden "), are found by some scholars to be related to Roslagen.

In Turkish, Bulgarian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Lithuanian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Sallan, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish and Swedish the order is reversed ; the amount is followed by a fixed space and the ISO 4217 code:

Kazaa and FastTrack were originally created and developed by Estonian programmers from BlueMoon Interactive and sold to Niklas Zennström and Janus Friis ( who were later to create Skype and later still Joost and Rdio ).

In 1937, a prominent Estonian political leader Artur Sirk, while a fugitive in Luxembourg was found dead, having apparently committed suicide by jumping out a second-story window.

Estonian historians including Pusta and Tomingas have argued that the death was an act of defenestration by agents of the first President of Estonia, Konstantin Päts.

In 2011 councillor Andrew Long was invited to visit the Estonian Parliament by Aare Heinvee MP of the Reformierakond ( Reform Party ).

The Omakaitse ( Home Guard ) was an organisation formed by the local population of Estonia on the basis of the Estonian Defence League and the forest brothers resistance movement active in the Eastern Front, 3 July 1941 – 17 September 1944.

While the Swedes made only one failed foray into western Estonia in 1220, the Danish Fleet headed by King Valdemar II of Denmark had landed at the Estonian town of Lindanisse ( present-day Tallinn ) in 1219.

* 20-Lauri Aus, Estonian pro cyclist, he was struck on bicycle by a drunk driver.

Examples include the Estonian Kalevipoeg, Finnish Kalevala, Polish Pan Tadeusz, Latvian Lāčplēsis, Armenian Sasuntzi Davit by Hovhannes Tumanyan, and Georgian The Knight in the Panther's Skin.

The Estonian Legion, for example, had 1, 280 volunteers under training by the end of 1942.