During this time Very Low Frequency ( 3 – 30 kHz ) signals will be reflected by the D layer instead of the E layer, where the increased atmospheric density will usually increase the absorption of the wave and thus dampen it.

The first is through VLF ( Very Low Frequency ) radio waves launched into the magnetosphere.

Following public concern, the U. S. Defense department was ordered by the 9th Circuit Court to strictly limit use of its Low Frequency Active Sonar during peacetime.

* 140A-Equipment Technical Design Standards For Common Long Haul / Tactical Radio Communications In The Low Frequency Band And Lower Frequency Bands

A gap between the inner and outer Van Allen belts, sometimes called safe zone or safe slot, is caused by the Very Low Frequency ( VLF ) waves which scatter particles in pitch angle which results in the gain of particles to the atmosphere.

Elves is an acronym for Emissions of Light and Very Low Frequency Perturbations from Electromagnetic Pulse Sources.

* An induction magnetometer, provided by the University of Tokyo, that measures the changing geomagnetic field in the Ultra Low Frequency ( ULF ) range of 0 – 5 Hz.

Magnetometers used in the Earth sciences are called geophysical surveys, a term that also embraces a wide range of other geophysical techniques including gravity, seismic refraction, seismic reflection, electromagnetics ( EM ), induced polarisation ( IP ), magneto-tellurics ( MT ), controlled source magneto-tellurics ( CSAMT ), sub-audio magnetics ( SAM ), mise-a-la-masse, resistivity, self Potential ( SP ) and Very Low Frequency ( VLF ).

Until 1995, there was the Silver Creek Communications Annex 41 ° 20 ' 46. 00 " N 97 ° 43 ' 18. 18 " W a station of the Survivable Low Frequency Communications System of the United States Air Force.

* A Blue Gene / P system is the central processor for the Low Frequency Array for Radio astronomy ( LOFAR ) project in the Netherlands and surrounding European countries.

* Multichannel support-up to 5 full range audio channels and an LFE-channel ( Low Frequency Enhancement channel )

These tags are commonly known as LFID's or LowFID's ( Low Frequency Identification ).

sv: Low Frequency

* Survivable Low Frequency Communications System ( SLFCS )

Before the bass management system there is a Low Frequency Effects ( LFE ) channel.

( Movie and DVD soundtracks can be mixed down to four or more tracks, as needed, the most common being five tracks, with an additional Low Frequency Effects track, hence the " 5. 1 " surround sound most commonly available on DVDs.

Extremely Low Frequency ( ELF ) –

* Jacobsen, Trond, " ZEVS, the Russian 82 Hz ELF transmitter: An Extrem Low Frequency transmission-system, using the real longwaves " ALFLAB, Halden, Norway.

da: Extremely Low Frequency

de: Extremely Low Frequency

In addition, terrestrial radio positioning systems utilizing an LF ( Low Frequency ) switched packet radio network were also used as an alternative to GPS based systems.

They also maintain the Project's clandestine Extremely Low Frequency systems that very slowly accumulate Prime Base's messages, such as briefings, for teams to read when they awaken — thus counterbalancing the minuscule data rate.

While there are currently no results, there are a few projects underway which hope to make headway in this area in the near future, such as the Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of Reionization ( PAPER ), Low Frequency Array ( LOFAR ), Murchison Widefield Array ( MWA ), Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope ( GMRT ), and the Large-Aperture Experiment to Detect the Dark Ages ( LEDA ).

The VCS3 has three oscillators ( in reality, the first 2 oscillators are normal oscillators and the 3rd an LFO or Low Frequency Oscillator ), a noise generator, two input amplifiers, a ring modulator, a 18dB / octave ( pre-1974 ) or 24dB / octave ( after 1974 ) voltage controlled low pass filter ( VCF ), a trapezoid envelope generator, joy-stick controller, voltage controlled spring reverb unit and 2 stereo output amplifiers.

de: Low Frequency Oscillator

* Low molecular weight gases ( Hydrogen & helium ) may be difficult to remove from the analysis chamber, and may be adsorbed and emitted from the specimen, even though not present in the original specimen.

The term " Low Fantasy " is used to represent other types of fantasy, however, so while comic fantasies may also correctly be classified as low fantasy, many examples of low fantasy are not comic in nature.

Low income people generally spend a similar amount on food, while high income people may spend a very large amount or as little as low income people spend.

Low percentage gels are very weak and may break when you try to lift them.

Low sea levels may have also exacerbated temperature extremes.

: ' oxen's head ', with osse being a synonym for steer and bull in Middle Low German ), with an attached hide, and a crown above, may have originated from this period.

A player's " string " of polo ponies may number 2 or 3 in Low Goal matches ( with ponies being rested for at least a chukker before reuse ), 4 or more for Medium Goal matches ( at least one per chukker ), and even more for the highest levels of competition.

; Low throughput: Due to varying load from other users sharing the same network resources, the bit rate ( the maximum throughput ) that can be provided to a certain data stream may be too low for realtime multimedia services if all data streams get the same scheduling priority.

Governor Frederick Low favored the establishment of a state university based upon the University of Michigan plan, and thus in one sense may be regarded as the founder of the University of California.

Low or moderate inflation may be attributed to fluctuations in real demand for goods and services, or changes in available supplies such as during scarcities, as well as to growth in the money supply.

This may have merged later with the belief that butterflies ate milk and butter ( compare Middle High German molkendiep-literally “ milk-thief ”; Modern German Molkendieb and Low German Botterlicker-literally “ butter-licker ”), or that they excreted a butter-like substance ( compare Middle Dutch boterschijte-literally “ butter-shitter ”, also Middle Dutch botervliege, Dutch botervlieg, German butterfliege ).

Low temperatures may have been exaggerated during the early stages of continental rifting.

Low investment has been a long term problem in Fiji and property rights are sometimes thought to be part of this problem because, by law, five sixths of the land is owned communally by indigenous Fijians and may only be leased, not purchased outright.

Low levels of myo-inositol may be involved in diabetic neuropathy.

Low densities may cause an extinction vortex and lead to further reduced fertility.

Low densities may be associated with specialized mate location adaptations such as specialized pollinators, as found in the orchid family ( Orchidaceae ).

Low patient and provider expectations regarding psychological treatment may explain particularly low placebo responses to psychiatric treatments.

This sense may have derived from the 16th-century tip meaning " to strike or hit smartly but lightly " ( which may have derived from the Low German tippen, " to tap "), but this derivation is " very uncertain ".< ref name =" oed2 ">" tip, v .< sup > 4 </ sup >" Oxford English Dictionary.

Low levels of constituents such as PCBs, dioxin, and brominated flame retardants, may remain in treated sludge.

Low blood pressure or syncope may ensue.

# Rivers, canals and low land reservoirs: Low land surface waters will have a significant bacterial load and may also contain algae, suspended solids and a variety of dissolved constituents.