From the 12th to the 15th century, Bordeaux regained importance following the marriage of Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine with the French-speaking Count Henri Plantagenet, born in Le Mans, who became, within months of their wedding, King Henry II of England.

From the 12th century, major advances in the chemical arts shifted from Arab lands to western Europe.

From the 12th century it remained a distinct state with its ruler ( ban ) and parliament, but it obeyed the kings and emperors of various neighboring powers, primarily Hungary and Austria.

From the 12th century, Dachau was a summer residence for several Bavarian princes.

From the 7th through the 12th centuries, the area of Mecklenburg was taken over by Western Slavic peoples, most notably the Obotrites and other tribes that Frankish sources referred to as " Wends ".

From 12th to 14th century, large numbers of Germans and Flemings settled the area ( Ostsiedlung ), importing German law and improved agricultural techniques.

* Singh, Upinder, A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th century, Dorling Kindersley, 2008, ISBN 978-81-317-1120-0.

From the 12th century Abbot Hugh of Semur ( died 1109 ), Peter Abelard ( died 1142 ), and Geoffrey of Vendome ( died 1132 ) all referred to Mary Magdalene as the sinner who merited the title apostolarum apostola, with the title becoming commonplace during the 12th and 13th centuries.

From 968 until the Protestant Reformation, Merseburg was the seat of the bishop of Merseburg, and in addition to being for a time the residence of the margraves of Meissen, it was a favorite residence of the German kings during the 10th, 11th and 12th centuries.

From the town assembly, a national assembly and the progress of commerce sprang Parliament all over Europe around the end of the 12th century but not entirely representative or homogeneous for the nobility and the clergy.

From 12th to 14th century, German colonists were called into the Wend lands and settled there in large numbers, transforming the area from a Slavic to a Germanic culture.

From the time of Charlemagne until the 12th century, the silver currency of England was made from the highest purity silver available.

From the late 12th to early 13th centuries, Apulia was a favorite residence of the Hohenstaufen emperors, notably Frederick II.

From the 18th century BC the region was a part of the Hittite Empire with possible name Arzawa, which was destroyed by invaders during the 12th century BC together with the collapse of the Empire.

From the 12th century, the fame of the Lille cloth fair began to grow.

From 1081 the city came loosely under the Patriarchate of Aquileia, developing into a free commune by the end of the 12th century.

From about the 12th century, knights wore long and flowing surcoats over their armour, which were frequently emblazoned with the arms of the wearer.

From the 12th to the 14th century, Sofia was a thriving centre of trade and crafts.

From the 12th century onward chivalry came to be understood as a moral, religious and social code of knightly conduct.

From the 4th to the 12th century, the ancient kingdom of the Uí Fidgenti was approximately co-extensive with what is now County Limerick, with some of the easternmost part the domain of the Eóganacht Áine.

From the 12th century Blakeney had a reputation for acts of piracy: between 1328 and 1350 it is recorded that men of Blakeney boarded two vessels from Flanders and sailed them back to Blakeney haven, where they were stripped of their cargoes.

From the early 12th century, there is evidence that Pershore Abbey claimed possession of some of the relics of Saint Eadburh of Winchester, the sainted daughter of King Edward the Elder.

From the 12th century AD hundreds of settlements of all sizes were founded all across Europe, who very often obtained the right of fortification soon afterwards.

From the 17th century onward, the island of Abadan was part of the lands of the Arab Ka ' ab ( Bani Kaab ) tribe.

From the late 17th to the early 20th century Western aesthetics underwent a slow revolution into what is often called modernism.

From the 17th century onwards, " scandalous memoirs " by supposed libertines, serving a public taste for titillation, have been frequently published.

From the late 17th century onwards a whole body of literature known as the Han Kitab developed amongst the Hui Muslims of China who infused Islamic thought with Confucianism.

From the 3rd century to the 17th century, India was shipping steel ingots to the Middle East for use in Damascus steel.

From 1954 to 1990, the 17th of June was an official holiday in West Germany to commemorate the Uprising of 1953 in East Germany, even with the name " Day of the German Unity ".

From the early 17th century, the play was famous for its ghost and vivid dramatisation of melancholy and insanity, leading to a procession of mad courtiers and ladies in Jacobean and Caroline drama.

From the 17th century on, individual indicates separateness, as in individualism.

From the second half of the 17th century onwards, a time of political and religious turmoil existed in the kingdoms.

From the 14th to the 16th centuries, Middle Low German as spoken in the towns of the Hanseatic League was the established language, but was subsequently succeeded by High German as official language in the course of the 16th and 17th centuries.

From the last quarter of the 17th century, the group consisted of six undisputedly Dutch islands: Curaçao ( settled in 1634 ), Aruba ( settled in 1636 ), Bonaire ( settled in 1636 ), Sint Eustatius ( settled in 1636 ), Saba ( settled in 1640 ) and Sint Maarten ( settled in 1648 ).

From the beginning of the 17th century the Dutch cannibalized the Portuguese Empire in the East and, with the immense wealth gained, challenged Spanish hegemony at sea.

From the 15th to 17th century, these ideas that are alternatively described as Western esotericism, which had a revival from about 1770 onwards, due to a renewed desire for mystery, an interest in the Middle Ages and a romantic " reaction to the rationalist Enlightenment.

From the 17th through the 19th centuries, the merging of folk beliefs about group differences with scientific explanations of those differences produced what one scholar has called an " ideology of race ".

From the 17th century Roman law, in Germany, had been heavily influenced by domestic ( common ) law, and it was called usus modernus Pandectarum.

From the 4th century onwards, Sunday worship has also taken on the observance of Sunday rest in some Christian traditions, such as the Puritans of the 16th and 17th centuries.

From the 4th century onwards, Sunday worship has also taken on the observance of Sunday rest in some Christian traditions, such as the Puritans of the 16th and 17th centuries.

* From the 17th century onwards, it also became possible to use the term ' theology ' to refer to study of religious ideas and teachings that are not specifically Christian ( e. g., in the phrase ' Natural Theology ' which denoted theology based on reasoning from natural facts independent of specifically Christian revelation ), or that are specific to another religion ( see below ).

From the 17th century, ultramontanism became closely associated with the Jesuits, who defended the superiority of Popes over councils and kings, even in temporal questions.

The Eastern Carpet in the Western World, From the 15th to the 17th century, Arts Council of Great Britain, London, 1983, ISBN 0-7287-0362-9

From the 15th to 17th centuries, classical Kurdish poets and writers developed a literary language.

From the late 17th century to the 19th century it was assumed that the Earth's daily rotational rate was constant.

From the 13th to 17th centuries, it held the island of Crete and from the mid-15th to mid-16th century, the island of Cyprus.

From the beginning of the 17th century until late in the 18th, the cantata for one or two solo voices with accompaniment of basso continuo ( and perhaps a few solo instruments ) was a principal form of Italian vocal chamber music.