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Ptolemy, the Alexandrian astronomer ( 2nd century ) wrote a treatise, Phaseis —" phases of fixed stars and collection of weather-changes " is the translation of its full title — the core of which is a parapegma, a list of dates of seasonally regular weather changes, first appearances and last appearances of stars or constellations at sunrise or sunset, and solar events such as solstices, all organized according to the solar year.
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Ptolemy and Alexandrian
The Decree of Canopus, which was issued by the pharaoh Ptolemy III, Euergetes of Ancient Egypt in 239 BC, decreed a solar leap day system ; an Egyptian leap year was not adopted until 25 BC, when the Roman Emperor Augustus successfully instituted a reformed Alexandrian calendar.
The mathematician Claudius Ptolemy ' the Alexandrian ' as imagined by a 16th century artist
The traditional story is that Ptolemy II sponsored the translation for use by the many Alexandrian Jews who were fluent in Koine Greek ( the lingua franca of the Eastern Mediterranean from the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE, until the development of Byzantine Greek around 600 CE ), but not in Hebrew.
In addition, the period saw the recovery of much of the Alexandrian mathematical, geometric and astronomical knowledge, such as that of Euclid and Claudius Ptolemy.
* Eratosthenes is appointed by King Ptolemy III Euergetes as head and third librarian of the Alexandrian library.
The rise of Koine is conventionally marked by the accession in 285 BC of ( Greek-speaking ) Ptolemy II, who ruled from Alexandria, Egypt and launched the " Alexandrian period ", when the city of Alexandria and its expatriate Greek-medium scholars flourished.
At the moment of Ptolemy XII's restoration, Roman creditors demanded the return on their investments but the Alexandrian treasury could not repay the king's debt.
The name is attested as early as the second century AD in the work of the Alexandrian geographer Claudius Ptolemy, as Δηοῦα (= Deva ), meaning ' Goddess ', indicating a divine status for the river in the beliefs of the ancient inhabitants of the area.
Formerly assumed to be identical with the Alexandrian grammarian and lexicographer Didymus Chalcenterus, because Ptolemy and Porphyry referred to him as Didymus ho mousikos ( the musician ), classical scholars now believe that this Didymus was a younger grammarian and musician working in Rome at the time of Nero ( Richter 2001 ).
In 1607 the Elizabethan antiquarian William Camden noted in his work " Brittania " ( a topographical and historical survey of all of Great Britain and Ireland ) that Canvey Island ( which he called Island Convennon ) was documented in the 2nd century by the Alexandrian geographer Ptolemy.
Tetrabiblos () ' four books ', also known in Greek as Apotelesmatiká () ' effects ', and in Latin as Quadripartitum ' four parts ', is a text on the philosophy and practice of astrology, written in the second century AD by the Alexandrian scholar Claudius Ptolemy ( AD 90 – AD 168 ).
The early 20th-century Humanist astrologer Dane Rudhyar reported that the astrology of his era " originated almost entirely in the work of the Alexandrian astrologer, Claudius Ptolemy ".
The magnitude system dates back roughly 2000 years to the Greek astronomer Hipparchus ( or the Alexandrian astronomer Ptolemy — references vary ) who classified stars by their apparent brightness, which they saw as size (“ magnitude means bigness ”).
In the second century Claudius Ptolemy, an Alexandrian Greek, undertook studies of reflection and refraction.
The Alexandrian Pleiad is the name given to a group of seven Alexandrian poets and tragedians in the 3rd century BC ( Alexandria was at that time the literary center of the Mediterranean ) working in the court of Ptolemy II Philadelphus.
Ptolemy and astronomer
It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century AD astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations.
He was also an accomplished astronomer ; he lectured on Ptolemy and is known to have written a treatise on the astrolabe.
Argo Navis is the only one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy that is no longer officially recognised as a constellation.
Capricornus is one of the 88 modern constellations, and was also one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy.
One of the largest constellations, Centaurus was included among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations.
Cygnus was among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations.
Delphinus was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains among the 88 modern constellations recognized by the International Astronomical Union.
Although the area of Dublin Bay has been inhabited by humans since prehistoric times, the writings of Ptolemy ( the Egyptian astronomer and cartographer ) in about 140 AD provide possibly the earliest reference to a settlement there.
It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and remains one of the 88 modern constellations.
Similarly, it was commonly believed by Medieval people that other ancient figures like the poet Virgil, astronomer Ptolemy and philosopher Aristotle had been involved in magic, and grimoires claiming to have been written by them were circulated.
Furthermore, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi ( 1201 – 1274 ), an astronomer and mathematician from Baghdad, authored the Treasury of Astronomy, a remarkably accurate table of planetary movements that reformed the existing planetary model of Roman astronomer Ptolemy by describing a uniform circular motion of all planets in their orbits.
This heliocentric theory contradicted the ideas of Greek-Egyptian astronomer Ptolemy ( second century A. D .), who stated that the Earth is the center of the universe.
One of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, Leo remains one of the 88 modern constellations today.
Although the hare does not represent any particular figure in Greek mythology, Lepus was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations.
Lupus was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations.
It is one of 48 listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and is one of the 88 constellations recognized by the International Astronomical Union.
Ophiuchus was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations.
The Roman astronomer Ptolemy mentions the Praesepe, the Double Cluster in Perseus, and the Ptolemy Cluster, while the Persian astronomer Al-Sufi wrote of the Omicron Velorum cluster.
Perhaps for no other reason than the association of name, the 9th century Persian astronomer Abu Ma ' shar assumed Ptolemy to be member of Egypt's royal lineage, stating that the ten kings of Egypt who followed Alexander were wise " and included Ptolemy the Wise, who composed the book of the Almagest ".
* English astronomer and TV presenter Sir Patrick Moore has a cat named Ptolemy.
Ptolemy and 2nd
The 2nd century geographer Ptolemy states that the Carpiani or Carpi ( believed to have occupied Moldavia ) separated the Peucini from the other Bastarnae " above Dacia ".
The majority of these go back to the 48 constellations defined by Ptolemy in his Almagest ( 2nd century ).
The current list of 88 constellations recognised by the International Astronomical Union since 1922 is based on the 48 listed by Ptolemy in his Almagest in the 2nd century.
The basis of western astronomy as taught during Late Antiquity and until the Early Modern period is the Almagest by Ptolemy, written in the 2nd century.
In the 2nd century AD, Claudius Ptolemy catalogued 37 stars in Centaurus.
In the 2nd century AD, Ptolemy produced his treatise on cartography, Geographia.
Reconstruction of Ptolemy | Ptolemy's map ( 2nd century AD ) of Aria ( satrapy ) | Aria ( Herāt ) and neighbouring states by the 15th century German people | German cartographer Nicolaus Germanus
* Allied with Venus in honourable positions Saturn makes his subjects haters of women, lovers of antiquity, solitary, unpleasant to meet, unambitious, hating the beautiful, ... — Ptolemy, ' Of the Quality of the Soul ', 2nd century.
Piscis Austrinus was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations.
It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations defined by the International Astronomical Union.
It was included among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations defined by the International Astronomical Union.
In the 2nd century, Ptolemy ( c. 90-c. 186 AD ) of Roman Egypt published a star catalogue as part of his Almagest, which listed 1, 022 stars visible from Alexandria.
Triangulum was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and remains one of the 88 modern constellations.
He further connected this toxrï with the ethnonym Tócharoi (, Ptolemy VI, 11, 6, 2nd cent.
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