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Abraham Lincoln ( February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865 ) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865.

Lincoln successfully led his country through its greatest constitutional, military and moral crisis – the American Civil War – preserving the Union while ending slavery, and promoting economic and financial modernization.

In the 1835 – 1836 legislative session, he voted to expand suffrage to white males, whether landowners or not.

On foreign and military policy, Lincoln spoke out against the Mexican – American War, which he attributed to President Polk's desire for " military glory — that attractive rainbow, that rises in showers of blood ".

Lincoln in his late 30s – photo taken by one of Lincoln's law students around 1846

He returned to politics to oppose the pro-slavery Kansas – Nebraska Act ( 1854 ); this law repealed the slavery-restricting Missouri Compromise ( 1820 ).

The Whigs had been irreparably split by the Kansas – Nebraska Act.

In 1857 – 58, Douglas broke with President James Buchanan, leading to a fight for control of the Democratic Party.

The 1858 senate campaign featured the seven Lincoln – Douglas debates of 1858, the most famous political debates in American history.

On May 9 – 10, 1860, the Illinois Republican State Convention was held in Decatur.

President Lincoln ( center right ) with, from left, Generals Sherman, Grant and Admiral Porter – 1868 painting of events aboard the River Queen ( steamboat ) | River Queen in March, 1865

* National Endowment for the Humanities Spotlight – Abraham Lincoln

Aristotle (, Aristotélēs ) ( 384 BC – 322 BC ) was a Greek philosopher and polymath, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.

However implausible this is, it is certainly the case that Aristotle's rigid separation of action from production, and his justification of the subservience of slaves and others to the virtue – or arete – of a few justified the ideal of aristocracy.

Reference to them is made according to the organization of Immanuel Bekker's Royal Prussian Academy edition ( Aristotelis Opera edidit Academia Regia Borussica, Berlin, 1831 – 1870 ), which in turn is based on ancient classifications of these works.

Aristotle's Conception of Matter, Journal of Philosophy 70: 679 – 696.

London: Duckworth 14 – 34.

* Massachusetts Institute of Technology – primarily in English

* Project Gutenberg – English texts

* Tufts University – at the Perseus Project, in both English and Greek

* University of Adelaide – primarily in English

* P. Remacle's collection – Greek with French translation

Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other personalities of the filmmaking industry of the time for their works during the 1927 – 1928 period.