self-organizing

The concept of emergence — that the properties and functions found at a hierarchical level are not present and are irrelevant at the lower levels – is often a basic principle behind self-organizing systems.

Among neural network models, the self-organizing map ( SOM ) and adaptive resonance theory ( ART ) are commonly used unsupervised learning algorithms.

Dissipative structure theory led to pioneering research in self-organizing systems, as well as philosophical inquiries into the formation of complexity on biological entities and the quest for a creative and irreversible role of time in the natural sciences.

* The system should apparently be dynamic and self-organizing ( unlike a mere book on its own ).

It may be that much of insect mimicry, including the Viceroy / Monarch mimicry, results from similar self-organizing processes, and thus the tendency for convergence by chance would be high.

A holon is a system ( or phenomenon ) which is an evolving self-organizing dissipative structure, composed of other holons, whose structures exist at a balance point between chaos and order.

* Self-organization such as self-organizing maps, competitive learning

There are multiple criticisms in relation to the use of the term in both its original context, as an attempt to define and explain the living, and its various expanded usages, such as applying it to self-organizing systems in general or social systems in particular.

A formal philosophy of ethical calculus is a recent development in the study of ethics, combining elements of natural selection, self-organizing systems, emergence, and algorithm theory.

The most robust and unambiguous examples of self-organizing systems are from the physics of non-equilibrium processes.

There are also cited examples of " self-organizing " behaviour found in the literature of many other disciplines, both in the natural sciences and the social sciences such as economics or anthropology.

The original " principle of the self-organizing dynamic system " was formulated by the cybernetician Ashby in 1947.

Originally, the term " self-organizing " was used by Immanuel Kant in his Critique of Judgment, where he argued that teleology is a meaningful concept only if there exists such an entity whose parts or " organs " are simultaneously ends and means.

The term " self-organizing " was introduced to contemporary science in 1947 by the psychiatrist and engineer W. Ross Ashby.

* self-organizing dynamical systems: complex systems made up of small, simple units connected to each other usually exhibit self-organization

The following is an incomplete list of the diverse phenomena which have been described as self-organizing in biology.

# the origin of life itself from self-organizing chemical systems, in the theories of hypercycles and autocatalytic networks

Only certain kinds of networks are self-organizing.

In contrast, there are top-down hierarchical networks, which are not self-organizing.

The self-organizing behaviour of social animals and the self-organization of simple mathematical structures both suggest that self-organization should be expected in human society.

Tell-tale signs of self-organization are usually statistical properties shared with self-organizing physical systems ( see Zipf's law, power law, Pareto principle ).

The Critical Mass bicycling events, dating back to 1992, are also sometimes compared to smart mobs, due to their self-organizing manner of assembly.

A syndicate is a self-organizing group of individuals, companies or entities formed to transact some specific business, or to promote a common interest.

Whilst a market has an exchange relationship with an organization, and is usually a passive entity that is created by the organization, a public does not necessarily have an exchange relationship, and is both self-creating and self-organizing.

Kohonen maps ( also called self-organizing maps or SOM ) and its probabilistic variant generative topographic mapping ( GTM ) use a point representation in the embedded space to form a latent variable model based on a non-linear mapping from the embedded space to the high dimensional space.