Page "Cell biology" Paragraph 5
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Biosynthesis ( also called biogenesis ) is an enzyme-catalyzed process in cells of living organisms by which substrates are converted to more complex products ( also simply known as protein translation ).
Some proteins, such as those to be incorporated in membranes ( known as membrane proteins ), are transported into the " rough " endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) during synthesis.
The Golgi apparatus is a large organelle that processes proteins and prepares them for use both inside and outside the cell.
It receives items ( proteins from the ER ), packages and labels them, and then sends them on to their destinations ( to different parts of the cell or to the cell membrane for transport out of the cell ).
From the Golgi, membrane proteins can move to the plasma membrane, to other sub-cellular compartments, or they can be secreted from the cell.
The ER and Golgi can be thought of as the " membrane protein synthesis compartment " and the " membrane protein processing compartment ", respectively.
ER and Golgi-resident proteins associate with other proteins but remain in their respective compartments.
Motor proteins transport membrane protein-containing vesicles along cytoskeletal tracks to distant parts of cells such as axon terminals.
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