Page "Conscience" Paragraph 41

The medieval Persian philosopher and physician Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi believed in a close relationship between conscience or spiritual integrity and physical health ; rather than being self-indulgent, man should pursue knowledge, use his intellect and apply justice in his life.

The medieval Islamic philosopher Avicenna, whilst imprisoned in the castle of Fardajan near Hamadhan, wrote his famous isolated-but-awake " Floating Man " sensory deprivation thought experiment to explore the ideas of human self-awareness and the substantiality of the soul ; his hypothesis being that it is through intelligence, particularly the active intellect, that God communicates truth to the human mind or conscience.

According to the Islamic Sufis conscience allows Allah to guide people to the marifa, the peace or " light upon light " experienced where a Muslim's prayers lead to a melting away of the self in the inner knowledge of God ; this foreshadowing the eternal Paradise depicted in the Qur ’ ān.