Page "Punk rock" Paragraph 81

Among the earliest hardcore bands, regarded as having made the first recordings in the style, were Southern California's Middle Class and Black Flag.

Bad Brains — all of whom were black, a rarity in punk of any era — launched the D. C. scene.

Austin, Texas's Big Boys, San Francisco's Dead Kennedys, and Vancouver's D. O. A.

were among the other initial hardcore groups.

They were soon joined by bands such as the Minutemen, Descendents, Circle Jerks, Adolescents, and T. S. O. L.

in Southern California ; D. C .' s Teen Idles, Minor Threat, and State of Alert ; and Austin's MDC and The Dicks.

By 1981, hardcore was the dominant punk rock style not only in California, but much of the rest of North America as well.

A New York hardcore scene grew, including the relocated Bad Brains, New Jersey's Misfits and Adrenalin O. D., and local acts such as the Nihilistics, The Mob, Reagan Youth, and Agnostic Front.

Beastie Boys, who would become famous as a hip-hop group, debuted that year as a hardcore band.

They were followed by The Cro-Mags, Murphy's Law, and Leeway.

By 1983, St. Paul's Hüsker Dü, Willful Neglect, Chicago's Naked Raygun and D. C .' s The Faith were taking the hardcore sound in experimental and ultimately more melodic directions.

Hardcore would constitute the American punk rock standard throughout the decade.