Świńka is one of the oldest coats of arms in Poland.

According to legend, the history of the Świńka family began in 712, when a certain Biwoj, squire to Queen Libusza, gave her a giant boar that he had hunted down in the forest.

The city is close to the former late medieval / modern boundary between West Slavic and Germanic lands and it has a complex political history with periods of Polish rule, periods of German rule, and extensive self-rule, with two spells as a free city.

According to Polish medieval chronicles, she was sent to Hungary as a bride of the son of King Béla II.

The German population was expelled from between 1945 and 1947 and replaced with Poles and, as the medieval Polish name Lignica was considered archaic, the town was renamed Legnica.

Current Lesser Poland Voivodeship, however, covers only small part of the broader ancient Małopolska region which, together with Greater Poland ( Wielkopolska ) and Silesia ( Śląsk ), formed the early medieval Polish state.

The ensuing Congress of Gniezno, where Bolesław I entertained his distinguished guest, is one of the most famous episodes of medieval Polish history.

It is currently on display in the treasure vault of the Royal Wawel Castle in Kraków as the only preserved piece of medieval Polish Crown Jewels.

Norse sources of the high medieval period, most prominently Snorri Sturluson's Heimskringla, also give a Polish princess as Cnut's mother, whom they call Gunhild and a daughter of Burislav, the king of Vindland.

" Most notable early medieval Polish works in Latin and the Old Polish language include the oldest extant manuscript of fine prose in the Polish language entitled the Holy Cross Sermons, as well as the earliest Polish-language Bible of Queen Zofia and the Chronicle of Janko of Czarnków from the 14th century, not to mention the Puławy Psalter.

On the opposite shore are Küsnacht, Meilen, Stäfa, and Rapperswil-Jona with the medieval town of Rapperswil, whose castle is home to the Polish museum.

In the course of the medieval eastward migration of German settlers ( Ostsiedlung ), Rybnik, as many other Polish settlements, was incorporated ( granted city status and right ) according to the so-called Magdeburg Law at some point before 1308 ( the exact date remains unknown ).

It first appeared in 15th century coming from the words Wald ‘ forest ’ and Berg ‘ mountain ’ later associated with castle The modern Polish name for the settlement " Wałbrzych " comes from the German name Walbrich, a late medieval linguistic variation of the older names " Wallenberg " or " Walmberg ".

According to the Geographical Dictionary of Poland published by Polish Scientific Publishers PWN, the city's predecessor was an early medieval Slavic settlement, the city website states it was named Lasogród (" forest castle "), whose inhabitants engaged in hunting, honey gathering, and later agriculture ; Lasogród lated developed into a defensive fort, the remains of which were destroyed in the 19th century during expansion of the city.

Voivode is also related to state formations such as Vojvodina, Polish provinces voivodeship, and medieval provinces of Balkans.

* Lviv-old Ruthenian city in the west of country, with its medieval old town and unique architecture with Polish and Austrian influences.

Wallachia and Moldavia were both situated on important commercial routes often crossed by Polish, Saxon, Greek, Armenian, Genovese and Venetian merchants, connecting them well to the evolving culture of medieval Europe.

However, professional linguists and historians, particularly the specialists in ancient Slavic, question many features of its language — vocabulary ( modern or medieval Slavic words occasionally and unwittingly used in place of their ancient equivalents ), spelling, phonetics ( distinct reflections of the nasal vowels, both following Polish and Serbian patterns in different places, the haphazard handling of reduced vowels, etc., etc.

The province was conquered and incorporated into early medieval Poland either by Duke Mieszko I-the first historical Polish ruler-in the second half of the tenth century or even earlier, by his father, in the 940s or 950s.

The film is set in medieval France and is based on a story by Polish writer Jerzy Andrzejewski ( 1960 ) that seeks to expose the motives behind youthful religious zeal.

After the medieval Eastward settlement of German settlers, farmers and traders, which was stimulated by the Polish and Czech rulers, princes and officials of Upper Silesia, from the 13th century onward Racibórz became known as Ratibor and was heavily Germanized linguistically and culturally.

In the course of the medieval eastward migration of Flanders and German settlers ( Ostsiedlung ), Wodzisław, as many other Polish settlements, was incorporated ( granted city status and right ) according to the so-called Magdeburg Law at some point before 1257 ( the exact date remains unknown ).

During 1560s, upon the family's last member passing away, the town became one of the most favorite properties for Polish king and Lithuanian Grand Prince Sigismund II Augustus who had a Renaissance castle built there instead of the medieval one.

The family adopted the surname of Leszczyński from the name of their estate according to the medieval custom of the Polish nobility.

Red Ruthenia ( Latin: Ruthenia Rubra or Russia Rubra,, Polish: Ruś Czerwona, Ruś Halicka, ) is a historic term used since medieval times to refer to the area known today rather as Eastern Galicia or Western Ukraine ; first mentioned in Polish historic chronicles in the 1321, as Ruthenia Rubra or Ruthenian Voivodeship ( 1366-1772 ).

The alphabet in the Polish language contains 32 letters.

He learned the Polish language at home and the Russian language in schools ; and having a French governess and a German governess, he became fluent in these four languages as a child.

From his death, Polish became the sole language of the family, thus fully Polonising the Jagiello family.

* Baltic Sea is used in English ; in the Baltic languages Latvian ( Baltijas jūra ) and Lithuanian ( Baltijos jūra ); in Latin ( Mare Balticum ) and the Romance languages French ( Mer Baltique ), Italian ( Mar Baltico ), Portuguese ( Mar Báltico ), Romanian ( Marea Baltică ) and Spanish ( Mar Báltico ); in Greek ( Βαλτική Θάλασσα ); in Albanian ( Deti Balltik ); in the Slavic languages Polish ( Morze Bałtyckie or Bałtyk ), Czech ( Baltské moře or Balt ), Croatian ( Baltičko more ), Slovenian ( Baltsko morje ), Bulgarian ( Baltijsko More ( Балтийско море ), Kashubian ( Bôłt ), Macedonian ( Балтичко Море / Baltičko More ), Ukrainian ( Балтійське море (" Baltijs ' ke More "), Belarusian ( Балтыйскае мора (" Baltyjskaje Mora "), Russian ( Балтийское море (" Baltiyskoye Morye ") and Serbian ( Балтичко море / Baltičko more ); in the Hungarian language ( Balti-tenger ); and also in Basque ( Itsaso Baltikoa )

Russian is the most widely used language by Belarusians on the Internet, followed by Belarusian, English, and Polish.

During the years of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ( 1569 – 1795 ), official documents were written in Polish, Ruthenian and Latin, with Lithuanian being mostly an oral language, with small quantities of written documents.

* BitBrothers Team Site Polish portal of BlitzBasic language

Polish language productions for Chicago's large Polish speaking population can be seen at the historic Gateway Theatre in Jefferson Park.

Nowadays, opłatek is mostly shared with members of the family and immediate neighbors before the Christmas Eve supper ( Wigilia in the Polish language ).

Pragmatics and other aspects of the language not specified by Zamenhof's original documents were influenced by the native languages of early speakers, primarily Russian, Polish, German, and French.

Ruthenian, the mixed Belarusian-Ukrainian literary language with Church Slavonic substratum and Polish adstratum, was an official language in Belarus and Ukraine until the end of the 17th century.

The only minority language with a significant number of speakers ( 5. 4 %) was Polish ( a figure that rises to over 6 % when including Kashubian, Masurian, and other forms classified by the Imperial government as separate languages but today more often considered variants of Polish ).

The rapidly growing population of Poland within the new boundaries was ¾ agricultural and ¼ urban, with Polish being the primary language of ⅔ of the inhabitants.

That same day, on 21 March 1939, Ribbentrop presented a set of demands to the Polish Ambassador Józef Lipski about Poland allowing the Free City of Danzig to return to Germany in such violent and extreme language that it led to the Poles to fear their country was on the verge of an immediate German attack.

They speak Kashubian, classified either as a language or a Polish dialect.

It is the only language in Poland with this status, which was granted by an act of the Polish Parliament on January 6, 2005.

Francysk Skaryna, who wrote and published in his native Ruthenian ( Old Belarusian ) language, was typical in this respect of the earlier phase of the Renaissance in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which lasted until the middle of the 16th century, when Polish predominated.

In the years that followed, it was the main language of government until the introduction of Polish as the chancellery language of the Lithuanian-Polish Commonwealth in 1697 ; however there are also examples of documents written in Ruthenian from the second half of the 18th century.

After the abolition of serfdom in 1861, the use of the Polish language noticeably increased in eastern Lithuania and western Belarus.

December 15, 1859 – April 14, 1917 ) was a Polish doctor, linguist, and the creator of Esperanto, the most successful constructed language designed for international communication.