Atypically, even among the colony's small educated elite, Sukarno was fluent in several languages.

Atypically for a King novel, it has no chapters, double-spacing between paragraphs, or other section breaks ; thus the text is a single continuous narrative which reads like the transcription of a spoken monologue.

Atypically, Brazil's preventive police are known as Military Police.

Atypically, Polish-Lithuanian republicanism was not the ideology of the commercial class, but rather of the landed aristocracy, which would lose power if the monarchy were expanded.

Atypically, the Emperor did not punish him for this disloyalty, and Isaac remained at Constantinople.

Atypically, the West portion of the street is very short — only four blocks long.

Atypically, the church is situated in the northeastern corner of the central plaza, however not facing the plaza from a surrounding street, as was the Iberian norm.

The increased gene dosage of three X / Y chromosome pseudoautosomal region ( PAR1 ) SHOX genes has been postulated as a cause of the increased stature seen in all three sex chromosome trisomies: 47, XXX, 47, XXY, and 47, XYY.

In contrast to the other common sex chromosome aneuploidies — 47, XXX, 45, X ( Turner syndrome ), and 47, XXY ( Klinefelter syndrome )— the average IQ scores of 47, XYY boys identified by newborn screening programs were not reduced compared to the general population .< ref name =" Bender 1986 ">< ref name =" Leggett 2010 "> In a summary of six prospective studies of 47, XYY boys identified by newborn screening programs, twenty-eight 47, XYY boys had an average 100. 76 verbal IQ, 108. 79 performance IQ, and 105. 00 full-scale IQ.

In the wake of the establishment of the normal number of human chromosomes, 47, XYY was the last of the common sex chromosome aneuploidies to be discovered, two years after the discoveries of 47, XXY, 45, X, and 47, XXX in 1959.

In May 1969, at the annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, Telfer and her Elwyn Institute colleagues reported that case studies of the institutionalized XYY and XXY males they had found convinced them that XYY males had been falsely stigmatized and that their behavior may not be significantly different from chromosomally normal 46, XY males.

In August 1976, Science published a retrospective cohort study by Educational Testing Service psychologist Herman Witkin and colleagues that screened the tallest 16 % of men ( over 184 cm ( 6 ' 0 ") in height ) born in Copenhagen from 1944 – 1947 for XXY and XYY karyotypes, and found an increased rate of minor criminal convictions for property crimes among sixteen XXY and twelve XYY men may be related to the lower intelligence of those with criminal convictions, but found no evidence that XXY or XYY men were inclined to be aggressive or violent.

It was subsequently postulated that the increased gene dosage of three SHOX genes leads to tall stature in the sex chromosome trisomies 47, XXX, 47, XXY, and 47, XYY.

17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency – 46, XX – 46, XY – 47, XXX – 47, XXY – 47, XYY – 5-alpha-reductase deficiency – 69 –

X chromosome – X-linked recessive – xanith – xenophilia – xenophily – XO syndrome – XXX syndrome – XXY syndrome – XYY syndrome –

Among humans, some men have two Xs and a Y (" XXY ", see Klinefelter's syndrome ), or one X and two Ys ( see XYY syndrome ), and some women have three Xs or a single X instead of a double X (" X0 ", see Turner syndrome ).

Many other sex chromosome combinations are compatible with live birth including XXX, XYY, and XXXX.

Even the much less common 48, XXYY had been discovered in 1960, a year before 47, XYY.

Approximately half of 47, XYY boys identified by newborn screening programs had learning difficulties — a higher proportion than found among siblings and above-average-IQ control groups.

Developmental delays and behavioral problems are also possible, but these characteristics vary widely among affected boys and men, are not unique to 47, XYY and are managed no differently than in 46, XY males.

In July 1999, Psychological Medicine published a case-control study by Royal Edinburgh Hospital psychiatrist Michael Götz and colleagues that found an increased rate of criminal convictions among seventeen XYY men identified in the Edinburgh newborn screening study compared to an above-average-IQ control group of sixty XY men, which multiple logistic regression analysis indicated was mediated mainly through lowered intelligence.

In other fictional television works, a January 1971 episode " By the Pricking of My Thumbs ..." of the British science fiction TV series Doomwatch featured a 16-year-old XYY boy expelled from school because of his genetic condition, a November 1993 episode " Born Bad " of the American police procedural TV series Law & Order portrayed a 14-year-old XYY sociopathic murderer, and the May 2007 season finale episode " Born To Kill " of the American police procedural TV series CSI: Miami depicted a 34-year-old XYY serial killer.

Testosterone levels ( prenatally and postnatally ) are normal in 47, XYY males.

Around 1 in 1, 000 boys are born with a 47, XYY karyotype.

If this happens early in development, then a large portion of the cells are X and a large portion are XYY.

* XYY Syndrome-an extra Y chromosome in males.

XYY syndrome is an aneuploidy ( abnormal number ) of the sex chromosomes in which a human male receives an extra Y-chromosome, giving a total of 47 chromosomes instead of the more usual 46.

This produces a 47, XYY karyotype, which occurs in 1 in 1, 000 male births.

Some medical geneticists question whether the term " syndrome " is appropriate for this condition because its clinical phenotype is normal and the vast majority ( an estimated 97 % in Britain ) of 47, XYY males do not know their karyotype.

47, XYY boys have an increased growth velocity from early childhood, with an average final height approximately 7 cm ( 3 ") above expected final height.

In Edinburgh, Scotland, eight 47, XYY boys born 1967 – 1972 and identified in a newborn screening program had an average height of 188. 1 cm ( 6 ' 2 ") at age 18 — their father's average height was 174. 1 cm ( 5 ' 8½ "), their mother's average height was 162. 8 cm ( 5 ' 4 ").

Severe acne was noted in a very few early case reports, but dermatologists specializing in acne now doubt the existence of a relationship with 47, XYY.

Most 47, XYY males have normal sexual development and usually have normal fertility.

For example, men with a 47, XXY karyotype have a single Barr body, whereas women with a 47, XXX karyotype have two Barr bodies.

Because the fruit fly, as well as other species, use the number of Xs to determine sex, they are nonviable with an extra X. SRY-reliant species can have conditions such as XXY and still live.

It is also possible in a variety of species, including human beings, to be XXY or have other intersex / hermaphroditic qualities.

* Similarly, there are females with an XXY or XY karyotype.

These cases are called mosaic 46, XY / 47, XXY.

Male tortoiseshell or calico cats occur only if they have chromosomal abnormalities such as the genotype XXY ( in which case they are sterile ), chromosomal mosaicism ( only portions of their cells have the genotype XXY, so these cats may be fertile ), or chimericism ( a single individual formed from two fused embryos, at least one of which was male ).

The existence of genes along the inactive X which are not silenced explains the defects in humans with abnormal numbers of the X chromosome, such as Turner syndrome ( X0 ) or Klinefelter syndrome ( XXY ).

* Klinefelter syndrome, the most common male chromosomal disease, otherwise known as 47, XXY is caused by an extra X chromosome.