* Argument ( computer science ), a piece of data provided as input to a subroutine

In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm ( originating from al-Khwārizmī, the famous Persian mathematician Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī ) is a step-by-step procedure for calculations.

* Program analysis ( computer science ) – the process of automatically analyzing the behavior of computer programs

* Semantic analysis ( computer science ) – a pass by a compiler that adds semantical information to the parse tree and performs certain checks

* Atomic operation, in computer science

He was highly influential in the development of computer science, giving a formalisation of the concepts of " algorithm " and " computation " with the Turing machine, which can be considered a model of a general purpose computer.

Turing is widely considered to be the father of computer science and artificial intelligence.

Babbage understood that the existence of an automatic computer would kindle interest in the field now known as algorithmic efficiency, writing in his Passages from the Life of a Philosopher, " As soon as an Analytical Engine exists, it will necessarily guide the future course of the science.

In algorithmic information theory ( a subfield of computer science ), the Kolmogorov complexity of an object, such as a piece of text, is a measure of the computational resources needed to specify the object.

Algorithmic information theory is the area of computer science that studies Kolmogorov complexity and other complexity measures on strings ( or other data structures ).

In computer science, an array data structure or simply an array is a data structure consisting of a collection of elements ( values or variables ), each identified by at least one array index or key.

The term is also used, especially in the description of algorithms, to mean associative array or " abstract array ", a theoretical computer science model ( an abstract data type or ADT ) intended to capture the essential properties of arrays.

In computer science, an AVL tree is a self-balancing binary search tree, and it was the first such data structure to be invented.

Category: 1962 in computer science

In computer science, the analysis of algorithms is the determination of the number of resources ( such as time and storage ) necessary to execute them.

Run-time efficiency is a topic of great interest in computer science: A program can take seconds, hours or even years to finish executing, depending on which algorithm it implements ( see also performance analysis, which is the analysis of an algorithm's run-time in practice ).

In computer science, an abstract data type ( ADT ) is a mathematical model for a certain class of data structures that have similar behavior ; or for certain data types of one or more programming languages that have similar semantics.

This cutting-edge technology has a promising potential of leading a new revolution in science as integrated circuits did in computer developments.

* Alternating Turing machine, model of computation used in theoretical computer science

* Program analysis ( computer science )

* Artificial intelligence, a branch of computer science.

* List of open problems in computer science

In a category with exponentials, using the isomorphism ( in computer science, this is called currying ), the Ackermann function may be defined via primitive recursion over higher-order functionals as follows:

Software has also been written to assist with the identification of musical keys for use in harmonic mixing, which analyze computer media files for musical content and automatically determine the musical key.

In due course, a printout of any results, marked with the submitter's identification, would be placed in an output tray, typically in the computer center lobby.

On computer systems in use today, the Username is the most common form of identification and the Password is the most common form of authentication.

Alan Turing searched for them on the Manchester Mark 1 in 1949, but the first successful identification of a Mersenne prime, M < sub > 521 </ sub >, by this means was achieved at 10: 00 P. M. on January 30, 1952 using the U. S. National Bureau of Standards Western Automatic Computer ( SWAC ) at the Institute for Numerical Analysis at the University of California, Los Angeles, under the direction of Lehmer, with a computer search program written and run by Prof. R. M.

NIST is currently developing government-wide identification card standards for federal employees and contractors to prevent unauthorized persons from gaining access to government buildings and computer systems.

Another important concept that has been merged into telephony is computer telephony integration, which enables computers to know about and control phone functions such as making and receiving voice, fax, and data calls with telephone directory services and caller identification.

He is a co-inventor of the RSA algorithm ( along with Ron Rivest and Len Adleman ), a co-inventor of the Feige – Fiat – Shamir identification scheme ( along with Uriel Feige and Amos Fiat ), one of the inventors of differential cryptanalysis and has made numerous contributions to the fields of cryptography and computer science.

These include crimes that involve financial institution fraud, computer and telecommunications fraud, false identification documents, access device fraud, advance fee fraud, electronic funds transfers and money laundering as it relates to the agency's core violations.

Fingerprint identification, also referred to as individualization, involves an expert, or an expert computer system operating under threshold scoring rules, determining whether two friction ridge impressions are likely to have originated from the same finger or palm ( or toe or sole ).

Since 2000, electronic fingerprint readers have been introduced for security applications such as log-in authentication for the identification of computer users.

CIPAV, deployed by FBI, is a spyware / trojan allegedly designed for identification of a computer.

* Security Parameter Index, in computer networking, an identification tag added to the header

the identification of a structured neurological code for syllables and could let paraplegics “ speak ” virtually through the connection of the brain to a computer.

Biometrics is used in computer science as a form of identification and access control.

Examples include advanced speech-to-text programs ( so that phone conversations can be monitored en-masse by a computer, instead of requiring human operators to listen to them ), social network analysis software to monitor groups of people and their interactions with each other, and " Human identification at a distance " software which allows computers to identify people on surveillance cameras by their facial features and gait ( the way they walk ).

Tests used for this purpose include cross-species hybridization, identification of unmethylated CpG islands, exon trapping, direct cDNA selection, computer analysis of DNA sequence, mutation screening in affected individuals, and tests of gene expression.

The Tinasky identification involved more direct detective work, with the crucial step involving computer searches for works written about writers mentioned in the Tinasky letters.

He supported his identification with computer analysis based on a database he called SHAXICON, used to compare the poem's word choice with that of Shakespeare and his contemporaries.

SAGE was a massive computer system that linked the ground elements of Canadian and American air defence — such as command and control centres, radar sites, and headquarters — providing high speed detection of aircraft, assistance in their rapid identification, and, when required, aiding Ground Controlled Interception of unknown, suspicious and hostile aircraft.

For data recorded by other means ( e. g., on a computer ), the lab notebook will record that the data was obtained and the identification of the data set will be given in the notebook.

Recent research has focused on virtualization, security, usability, formal verification, formal semantics of programming languages, computer architecture, natural language processing, wireless networking, biometric identification, routing, positioning systems and has achieved the top ratings in recent UK Research Assessment Exercise evaluations.

The word " chip " refers to a computer chip embedded in the smartcard ; the word PIN refers to a personal identification number that must be supplied by the customer.

In a 2002 book Computer Forensics authors Kruse and Heiser define computer forensics as involving " the preservation, identification, extraction, documentation and interpretation of computer data ".