Marx's thoughts on labour were related to the primacy he gave to the economic relation in determining the society's past, present and future ( see also economic determinism ).

The 1970s saw major labour struggles in Karachi's industrial estates ( see Karachi labour unrest of 1972 ).

Clement X, seeing the results of the apostolic labours of the early French missionaries in Canada, the number of the faithful, and the wide field of labour, resolved to give the Church an independent organisation, and erected a see at Quebec, the bishop to depend directly on the Holy See ; this provision would later secure its permanence after Quebec passed into the hands of England.

* August 29 – The British Parliament enacts the Factory Acts limiting child labour ( see also History of the United Kingdom ).

Roger North ( 1695 ) said ‘ Nothing comes so near or rather imitates so much an excellent voice as a cornett pipe ; but the labour of the lips is too great and it is seldom well sounded ’ ( see Wilson, 1959 ).

The Norwegian resistance movement began on a small scale right after the invasion, but gained in strength, especially after the installation of Quisling's puppet government in late 1940 and its attempt to enforce the native brand of fascism, and to enroll labour, teachers and officials in its organizations ( for an anecdote of Norwegian civil resistance, see Paper Clip ).

Meanwhile, in behind-the-scenes labour negotiations, Eugene Levy's Sid Dithers played the union president, barely able to see over the conference table as he detailed the progress of the strike-talks (" Fifteen minutes for lunsch?

This did not impact the social attitude to children much, however — see the article on child labour.

Thus early, therefore, we see the artist busy in all the various fields in which he was to labour.

Field fortifications, for example breastworks, are extemporized by troops in the field, perhaps assisted by such local labour and tools as may be procurable and with materials that do not require much preparation, such as earth, brushwood and light timber, or sandbags ( see sangar ).

Some authors have interpreted this " rate of exploitation " as a purely economic or commercial concept ( in the sense of " labor utilisation ", the use of a resource ) while others see it primarily as a moral or political concept referring to the domination of a social class which commands labour in virtue of ownership of capital assets.

Nazi Germany and Romania brought ghettos, internment, and forced labour a year later ( see Romania during World War II ).

Some commentators put the poll slump down to " labour movement ructions " over the underfunded WorkCover liability ( see 2008 Parnell – Bressington filibuster ), consolidation of rural health services, and the continued degradation of the River Murray.

The economic value of labour may be assessed technically in terms of its use-value or utility or commercially in terms of its exchange-value, price or production cost ( see also labour power.

George d ' la Forge's maintenance of the language in North American diaspora is not as surprising as it might seem, as considerable numbers of Jersey people had been involved in the economic development and exploitation of the New World ( see New Jersey ), although much of the concentration focused on the cod fisheries of the Gaspé peninsula in Quebec, Canada, which were controlled into the early 20th century by Jersey-based companies or companies of Jersey origin employing Jersey labour.

Here we see that the combination of L1 labour and K3 capital can produce 10 units of product, which is A on the isoquant.

This stage lasts for 13 weeks ( 26 weeks for NDYP ) and it has been known that the work placements see the participants as free labour and don't hire them after the Option stage is finished.

While some historians conclude that, in 1750, labour productivity in the most developed regions of China was still on a par with that of Europe's Atlantic economy ( see the NBER Publications by Carol H. Shiue and Wolfgang Keller ), other historians like Angus Maddison hold that the per-capita productivity of western Europe had by the late Middle Ages surpassed that of all other regions.

Though labour and vaginal birth are possible for the breech baby, certain fetal and maternal factors influence the safety of vaginal breech birth ( see below ).

The Płaszów camp, originally intended as a forced labour camp, was constructed on the grounds of two former Jewish cemeteries ( see, New Jewish Cemetery ) in the summer of 1942 during Nazi German occupation of Poland, with deportations of the Jews from the Kraków Ghetto beginning October 28, 1942.

The way in which these mechanisms are used is different in the two parts of the economy which Doeringer and Piore called the “ primary ” and “ secondary ” sectors ( see also dual labour market ).

The dominant bourgeois ideology thus leads the individual to see the achievement of his labour take a life of its own.

Nobility used to have privileges above commoners ( see aristocracy ), but the French Revolution and other revolutions revoked these privileges and made citizens.

Hoping to see the revolution spread to Germany, in 1848 Marx moved back to Cologne ( Köln ) where he began issuing a handbill entitled the Demands of the Communist Party in Germany, in which he argued for only four of the ten points of the Communist Manifesto, believing that in Germany at that time, the bourgeoisie must overthrow the feudal monarchy and aristocracy before the proletariat could overthrow the bourgeoisie.

The Athenian aristocracy, and indeed Greek aristocrats in general, were loath to see one person pre-eminent, and such maneuvers were commonplace.

Despite the close relations between Swedish and Russian aristocracy ( see also Rus '), there is no direct evidence of Orthodox influence, possibly because of the language barrier.

Recourse to personal vengeance and duelling was considered a class privilege of the sword-bearing aristocracy before the formation of the modern centralized liberal-bureaucratic nation-state ( see Marc Bloch, trans.

In theory, the absolute monarch exercises total power over the land and its subject people, yet in practice the monarchy is counterbalanced by political groups from among the social classes and castes of the realm: the aristocracy, clergy ( see caesaropapism ), bourgeoisie, and proletarians.

National sovereignty can be contrasted, on the one hand, to absolutism and to other doctrines that see sovereignty as residing solely in a monarch, aristocracy, theocracy or other small elite, and on the other hand to popular sovereignty, which has more egalitarian implications.

The aristocracy ( see Counts of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria ) was guaranteed its rights, but these rights were considerably circumscribed.

His drama, Nie-boska Komedia ( The Un-Divine Comedy, 1835 ), portrays the tragedy of an old-world aristocracy defeated by a new order of communism and democracy, and is a poetic prophecy of class conflict and of Russia's October Revolution ( see also Okopy Świętej Trójcy ); and his drama, Irydion ( 1836 ), deals, in the context of Christian ethics, with the struggle of a subjugated nation against its oppressor.

A ' forest ' originally meant land where certain rights ( usually hunting ) were reserved for a monarch or the aristocracy ( see medieval hunting ).

Forests were designed as hunting areas reserved for the monarch or ( by invitation ) the aristocracy ( see medieval hunting ).

He was critical of some Popular Front policies, including agrarian reforms that penalized the landed aristocracy, the outlawing of the Falange Española, and the granting of political and administrative autonomy to Catalonia ( see Spanish Revolution ).

The most prominent of the head rank six figures was undoubtedly Choe Chiwon, who following an illustrious career in China returned to Silla only to see his attempts at administrative reform rebuffed by an entrenched aristocracy.

In fact, the cult of the “ deva-raja ” required the development of an eminently aristocratic art in which the people were supposed to see the tangible proof of the sovereign ’ s divinity, while the aristocracy took pleasure in seeing itself – if, it ’ s true, in idealized form – immortalized in the splendour of intricate adornments, elegant dresses and extravagant jewelry.

Some emphasize the central role of the assemblies and thus tout them as democracies ; other scholars focus on the upper class domination of the leadership and possible control of the assembly and see an oligarchy or an aristocracy.

It is important to note here that when Rousseau talks of aristocracy and monarchy he does not necessarily mean they are not a democracy in the sense we see it now-the aristocracy or monarch could be elected, being like Cabinet Governments or Presidents are today-when Rousseau uses the word democracy he refers to a direct democracy rather than a representative democracy like most democratic states have today.

He was a member of the Ragusean aristocracy ( see House of Bunić ), and was five times elected as Rector ( Knez ) of the Republic of Ragusa.

Working-class Belgians of the era tended to see the Church as serving the interests of the aristocracy, and some old friends considered Cardijn a traitor ; he thus decided to devote his career to " reconciling his Church with the industrial workers of the world.

Some activists, notably David Graeber, see the movement as opposed instead to neoliberalism or " corporate globalization ".

Some see them as a " popular university ", an occasion to make many people aware of the problems of globalization.

These critics assert that people from the Third World see the anti-globalization movement as a threat to their jobs, wages, consuming options and livelihoods, and that a cessation or reversal of globalization would result in many people in poor countries being left in greater poverty.

While international trade has been present throughout much of history ( see Silk Road, Amber Road ), its economic, social, and political importance have increased in recent centuries, mainly because of Industrialization, advanced transportation, globalization, multinational corporations, and outsourcing.

Some critics argue that a narrow view of economic growth, combined with globalization, is creating a scenario where we could see a systemic collapse of our planet's natural resources.

This is not the only way you can see the world, globalization.

( see discussion in section on globalization ).

To treat them as a fundamentally new phenomenon, brought about by the end of the Cold War or increased globalization, represents yet another example of the widespread tendency among social scientists to perceive their own times as unique and exceptionally dynamic ( on “ chrono-centrism ,” see Fowles 1974 ).

Consequent to debate about economic globalization, the comparative analysis of civilisations, and the post-colonial perspective of " alternative modernities ," Shmuel Eisenstadt introduced the concept of " multiple modernities " ( 2003 ; see also Delanty 2007 ).

Some see the rise in counterfeiting of goods as being related to globalization.

On the other hand, others see globalization as a social phenomenon expanding the sphere of classical liberal values, which inevitably led to a larger role for civil society at the expense of politically derived state institutions.

Instead they see their movement as an alternative to what they term neo-liberal globalization in which international institutions ( World Trade Organisation, World Bank, International Monetary Fund etc.

Because the Caux Round Table principles are designed by corporate leaders and provide a model of how a good corporate citizen behaves in the countries and markets where it penetrates being a foreign entity, this principles could serve to reduce the fear of local brokers to foreign competition, provide an ethical framework against asymmetry of participants in free trade of services in our industry, and will permit that Central American association members that see an advantage in opening their country markets to competition, and that see advantages in having foreign strategic partners to work our their own local markets ( e. g.: local Central American brokers partnering with United States brokers to work Central American Markets ), keep promoting competition, globalization of business, and free trade of services.

Many readers also see it as a criticism of globalization, although Barry claims he is not an anti-globalizationist.

They are also accused of being a leading force for the standardization of culture ( see globalization, Americanization ), and they are a frequent target of criticism by various groups which often perceive the news organizations as being biased toward special interests.

You may see $ 100 a barrel oil in the next two or three years, but what still is driving this globalization is the idea that is you cannot possibly get rich, stay rich and get richer if you don ’ t release more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

Overall, they see globalization as a positive movement that improves the standard of living for all the people connected to it, from the richest to poorest.

This is mainly attributed to the effect of the internet and globalization on almost anything including music, as listeners from other countries can now see and hear songs and videos of bands overseas without leaving their country.

She currently ( 2006 ) is pursuing her research and writing on immigration and globalization, with her " denationalization " and " transnationalism " projects ( see Bibliography and External Links, below ).

National-Anarchists see modernity, liberalism, materialism, consumerism, immigration, multiracialism, multiculturalism, and globalization as the primary causes of the social decline of nations and cultural identity.

The growth of international trade is an aspect of globalization in the later 20th Century ( see OECD ), which has affected international relations.

The internationalization of finance, which some see as beyond the reach of state control, combined with the growing ease with which large corporations have been able to relocate their operations to low-wage states, has posed the question of the ' eclipse ' of state sovereignty, arising from the growing ' globalization ' of capital.