The propagation of h anomalies in the western pacific changes the KOE axis and strength and impact sst due to the anomalous geostrophic heat transport.

Effect of salinity on estimating geostrophic transport of the Indonesian Throughflow along the IX1 XBT section.

Sverdrup theory succinctly summarizes this phenomenon mathematically by defining a geostrophic mass transport per unit latitude, M, as the east-west integral of the meridional derivative of wind stress curl, minus any Ekman transport.

Geopotential height contours can be used to calculate the geostrophic wind, which is faster where the contours are more closely spaced and tangential to the geopotential height contours.

Over a city or rough terrain, the wind gradient effect could cause a reduction of 40 % to 50 % of the geostrophic wind speed aloft ; while over open water or ice, the reduction may be only 20 % to 30 %.

It can be shown that the main terms in horizontal equations are Coriolis force and pressure gradient terms ; therefore, one can use geostrophic approximation.

Other variants of the equation are possible ; for example, the geostrophic wind vector can be expressed in terms of the gradient of the geopotential height Φ on a surface of constant pressure:

Early estimates indicated that the current may be 30 % stronger than geostrophic calculations indicated as a result of a significant barotropic flow component ( Hayes and Robe, 1978 ).

The isobaric surfaces will also be isothermal surfaces, hence ( from the thermal wind equation ) the geostrophic wind is independent of height.

By combining the gravity data with information about sea surface height gathered by other satellite altimeters, scientists will be able to track the direction and speed of geostrophic ocean currents.

Rough, irregular ground, and man-made obstructions on the ground can reduce the geostrophic wind speed by 40 % to 50 %.

The geostrophic wind is proportional to the slope of geopotential on a surface of constant pressure.

If we differentiate the geostrophic wind, ( where is the Coriolis parameter, is the vertical unit vector, and the subscript " p " on the gradient operator denotes gradient on a constant pressure surface )

In low-pressure systems, centrifugal force is negligible and balance is between Coriolis and pressure forces ( called geostrophic balance ).

The geostrophic wind is directed parallel to isobars ( lines of constant pressure at a given height ).

At 6 mbar over 8 miles, the geostrophic wind potential easily exceeded 200 knots ( which roughly translates to about 100 knots in ageostrophic flow over the Earth's rough surface, or 115 mph ).

The vertical variation of geostrophic wind in a barotropic atmosphere ( a ) and in a baroclinic atmosphere ( b ).

This project was carried out under sponsorship of the Ballistic Missile Division of the Air Research and Development Command, U.S. Air Force, and had as its goal the investigation of the transport by diffusion of the heat energy of chemical binding.

The big factories which are relatively near the centers of our cities -- the rubber factories in Akron, Chrysler's Detroit plants, U.S. Steel's Pittsburgh works -- often began on these sites at a time when that was the edge of the city, yet close to transport ( river ), storage ( piers ) and power ( river ).

Rocco Vecchio -- a perspiring, haggard Vecchio -- was standing there, flanked by two men in the uniforms of armored transport guards.

Zollicoffer decided it was impossible to obey orders to return to the other side of the river because of scarcity of transport and proximity of Union troops.

Dynamite was patented in the US and the UK and was used extensively in mining and the building of transport networks internationally.

Archaeologists suggested that the road's main purpose was to transport local and exotic goods inside and outside the canyon.

With the coming-of-age of railroads superseding canal barge transport, the lake was abandoned by the Commonwealth, sold to the Pennsylvania Railroad, and sold again to private interests and eventually came to be owned by the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club in 1881.

Furthermore, Carnegie ’ s success was due to his convenient relationship with the railroad industries, which not only relied on steel for track, but were also making money from steel transport.

After World War II, especially in North America, there was a boom in general aviation, both private and commercial, as thousands of pilots were released from military service and many inexpensive war-surplus transport and training aircraft became available.

This was a comparatively late addition to the AppleTalk protocol suite, done when it became clear that a TCP-style reliable connection-oriented transport was needed.

DDP was the lowest-level data-link-independent transport protocol.

Lord Sydney, as Secretary of State for the Home Office, was the minister in charge of this undertaking, and in September 1786 he appointed Phillip commodore of the fleet which was to transport the convicts and soldiers who were to be the new settlers to Botany Bay.

At first there was no passenger service, for south of the station was the Akihabara cargo docks, where goods from all over the world would flow into Kanda by river and be hauled up the east bank of the canal to be ticketed at the central cargo transport window.

* From the Meiji to the Shōwa period, as the electric railway improved transport to Akihabara and the surrounds, and especially due to the growth in dealerships, the district was designated as a.

The baidara ( large skin boat ) was a large open walrus skin-covered boat used by Aleut families to travel from island to island, as well as, transport goods for trade and warriors to battle.

Rail transport in Belgium was historically managed by the National Railway Company of Belgium, known as SNCB in French and NMBS in Dutch.

On the same day of contract signature for the P-3BR work, 29 April 2005, EADS CASA was also awarded a contract to supply 12 C-295M medium transport aircraft.

After acquiring an initial fleet of utility and transport aircraft, the squadron was attached to an interarmy support regiment.

The dandy horse, also called Draisienne or laufmaschine, was the first human means of transport to use only two wheels in tandem and was invented by the German Baron Karl von Drais.

When motorized transport replaced horse-drawn transport starting 1905, a motorized omnibus was called an autobus, a term still used.

This comprehensive study indicating, among other things, that transport deregulation reduced distribution costs in the United States from about 14 % of gross domestic product to under 11 % ( If this measure is selected, current dollar savings can be calculated by multiplying current GDP by @ 3 %).< sup > in article </ sup >

The V < sub > R </ sub > for transport category aircraft is calculated such as to allow the aircraft to reach the regulatory screen height at V < sub > 2 </ sub > with one engine failed.

Transport for London utilise a calculated approach known as Public Transport Accessibility Level ( PTAL ) that uses the distance from any point to the nearest public transport stops, and service frequency at those stops, to assess the accessibility of a site to public transport services.

It has been calculated that some 1, 300 barge journeys would have been required to transport the 85, 000 tons of stone from Kent.

He calculated that the whole of the defensive force, including the camel transport necessary to enable infantry in the 42nd ( East Lancashire ) Division to advance into the desert, would be fully equipped and the camels assembled by 3 August.

Greenberg and Petrie ( 1988 ) calculated a total transport of.

Evans and Morriss proved that in a thermostatted system that is at equilibrium at t = 0, the nonlinear transport coefficient can be calculated from the so-called transient time correlation function expression:

Bakun ( 1973 ) calculated a 20-year average of the monthly mean Ekman transport for different regions off the California coast.