As Diggins concludes regarding the highly influential Cooper Union speech of early 1860, " Lincoln presented Americans a theory of history that offers a profound contribution to the theory and destiny of republicanism itself.

It was presented by early 20th century anthropologists, including Frank Hamilton Cushing, J. Walter Fewkes and Alfred V. Kidder.

Aalto first presented his scheme in 1961, but it went through various modifications during the early 1960s.

On the Bank of the Seine, Bennecourt 1868, an early example of plein-air impressionism, in which a gestural and suggestive use of oil paint was presented as a finished work of art.

In the novel I, Claudius by English writer Robert Graves, Caligula is presented as being a murderous sociopath from his childhood, who became clinically insane early in his reign.

An important early film to move beyond the concept of the scenic was In the Land of the Head Hunters ( 1914 ), which embraced primitivism and exoticism in a staged story presented as truthful re-enactments of the life of Native Americans.

Various conventions of the detective genre were standardized during the Golden Age, and in 1929 some of them were codified by writer Ronald Knox in his ' Decalogue ' of rules for detective fiction, among them to avoid supernatural elements, all of which were meant to guarantee that, in Knox's words, a detective story " must have as its main interest the unravelling of a mystery ; a mystery whose elements are clearly presented to the reader at an early stage in the proceedings, and whose nature is such as to arouse curiosity, a curiosity which is gratified at the end.

Then, in the late 1960s and early 1970s, Vera Rubin, a young astronomer at the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at the Carnegie Institution of Washington, presented findings based on a new sensitive spectrograph that could measure the velocity curve of edge-on spiral galaxies to a greater degree of accuracy than had ever before been achieved.

As time passed, Jewish and early Christian writings presented the idea of ' unknowing ,' where God's presence was enveloped in a dark cloud.

Three late tenth century and early eleventh century women presented their views of life and romance at the Heian court in Kagerō Nikki (" The Gossamer Years ") by " the mother of Michitsuna ", Makura no Sōshi ( The Pillow Book ) by Sei Shōnagon, and Genji Monogatari ( Tale of Genji ) by Murasaki Shikibu ( herself a Fujiwara ).

Strongly oriented towards a menu-document design, the Gopher protocol presented an attractive alternative to the World Wide Web in its early stages, but ultimately failed to achieve popularity.

William Fairfield Warren, in his book, Paradise Found: The Cradle of the Human Race at the North Pole presented his belief that humanity had originated on a continent in the Arctic, called Hyperborea, this view influenced some of the early hollow earth theorists.

Stephen Pearl AndrewsFor American anarchist historian Eunice Minette Schuster " It is apparent ... that Proudhonian Anarchism was to be found in the United States at least as early as 1848 and that it was not conscious of its affinity to the Individualist Anarchism of Josiah Warren and Stephen Pearl Andrews ... William B. Greene presented this Proudhonian Mutualism in its purest and most systematic form .".

For American anarchist historian Eunice Minette Schuster " It is apparent ... that Proudhonian Anarchism was to be found in the United States at least as early as 1848 and that it was not conscious of its affinity to the Individualist Anarchism of Josiah Warren and Stephen Pearl Andrews ... William B. Greene presented this Proudhonian Mutualism in its purest and most systematic form .".

Michael Behe developed his ideas on the concept around 1992, in the early days of the ' wedge movement ', and first presented his ideas about " irreducible complexity " in June 1993 when the " Johnson-Behe cadre of scholars " met at Pajaro Dunes in California.

Major presented only one Budget, the first one to be televised live, in early 1990.

For American anarchist historian Eunice Minette Schuster " It is apparent ... that Proudhonian Anarchism was to be found in the United States at least as early as 1848 and that it was not conscious of its affinity to the Individualist Anarchism of Josiah Warren and Stephen Pearl Andrews ... William B. Greene presented this Proudhonian Mutualism in its purest and most systematic form .".

The teleological argument was presented by the early Islamic philosophers, Alkindus and Averroes ( founder of Averroism ), while Avicenna ( founder of the Avicennism school of Islamic philosophy ) presented both the cosmological argument and ontological argument in The Book of Healing ( 1027 ).

In the late 17th century and early 18th century, the Theater am Gänsemarkt in Hamburg presented German operas by Keiser, Telemann and Handel.

As early as 1386 the Genoese ambassadors brought the first aqua vitae (" the living water ") to Moscow and presented it to Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy.

In early October 1924, E. Coronaro, the new Alula commissioner, presented Boqor ( king ) Osman Mahamuud with an ultimatum to disarm and surrender.

He observes, " In the early Church, it seems, the new covenant presented by the New Testament was either taken to be an addition to the old covenant ( the religion of the Torah and the Jewish Pharisaic tradition, summarized in the Ten Commandments ), or it was taken to be a replacement for the old covenant.

Being geographically-based presented restrictions in this early map ; to enable sufficient clarity of detail in the crowded central area of the map, the extremities of the District and Metropolitan lines were omitted, so a full network diagram was not provided.

In October and November 2011, the Residents presented an early version of Sam's Enchanted Evening at The Marsh performance center in Berkeley, with the lead singer appearing as " Randy Rose ".

" It is a contemporary adaptation of the traditional teleological argument for the existence of God, presented by its advocates as " an evidence-based scientific theory about life's origins " rather than " a religious-based idea ".

The teleological argument suggests that, given this premise, the existence of a designer can be assumed, typically presented as God.

From the 1990s, neo-creationism and intelligent design have presented the teleological argument while avoiding naming the designer with the aim of presenting this as science and getting it taught in public school science classes.

Plato's teleological perspective is also built upon the analysis of a priori order and structure in the world that he had already presented in The Republic.

Augustine of Hippo ( A. D. 354 – 430 ) presented a classic teleological perspective in his work City of God.

Thomas Aquinas ( 1225-1274 ) presented a form of the teleological argument in his Summa Theologica.

David Hume, in the mid-18th century, presented arguments both for and against the teleological argument in his Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion.

David Hume presented a criticism of the teleological argument in his Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion.

Teilhard, who was a Jesuit Paleontologist who played an important role in the discovery of Peking Man, presented a teleological view of planetary and cosmic evolution, according to which the formation of atoms, molecules and inanimate matter is followed by the development of the biosphere and organic evolution, then the appearance of man and the noosphere as the total envelope of human thought.

Typically, the analogy is presented as a prelude to the teleological argument and is generally presented as:

Those arguments are presented in written briefs and sometimes in oral argument to the court at a hearing.

This is often the case, for example, with idiomatic expressions whose definitions are rarely or never well-defined, and are presented in the context of a larger argument that invites a conclusion.

Scottish philosopher W. R. Sorley presented the following argument:

Although it was originally presented in reaction to the statements of artificial intelligence researchers, it is not an argument against the goals of AI research, because it does not limit the amount of intelligence a machine can display.

Although the Chinese Room argument was originally presented in reaction to the statements of AI researchers, philosophers have come to view it as an important part of the philosophy of mind.

: Alan Turing ( writing 30 years before Searle presented his argument ) noted that people never consider the problem of other minds when dealing with each other.

Stove alleged that by using weak or false ad hoc reasoning, these Ultra-Darwinists used evolutionary concepts to offer explanations that were not valid ( e. g., Stove suggested that sociobilogical explanation of altruism as an evolutionary feature was presented in such as way that the argument was effectively immune to any criticism.

Another argument that challenges reliabilism, like the Gettier cases ( although it was not presented in the same short article as the Gettier cases ), is the case of Henry and the barn façades.

Epicurus " presented a sustained argument that pleasure, correctly understood, will coincide with virtue ".

While the standard argument for utilizing a modern text supports distillation of information into a form relevant to modern society, perennialists argue that many of the historical debates and the development of ideas presented by the great books are relevant to any society, at any time, and thus that the suitability of the great books for instructional use is unaffected by their age.

A claim or defense may be frivolous because it had no underlying justification in fact, or because it was not presented with an argument for a reasonable extension or reinterpretation of the law.

Moore's argument for the indefinability of “ good ” ( and thus for the fallaciousness of the “ naturalistic fallacy ”) is often called the Open Question Argument ; it is presented in § 13 of Principia Ethica.

230 BCE ) presented an explicit argument for a heliocentric model of the solar system, placing the Sun, not the Earth, at the centre.

Christina Hoff Sommers has been a vocal critic of the concept of herstory, and presented her argument against the movement in her 1994 book, Who Stole Feminism ?.

" Similarly, when two options are presented, they are often, though not always, two extreme points on some spectrum of possibilities ; this can lend credence to the larger argument by giving the impression that the options are mutually exclusive, even though they need not be.

This was an argument presented in the ratification debates.

The Ontological argument is also presented, but rejected in favor of proofs dealing with cause and effect alone.

Although Wittgenstein certainly argues that the notion of private language is incoherent, because of the way in which the text is presented the exact nature of the argument is disputed.