A third alternative is to use a radioactive label rather than an enzyme coupled to the secondary antibody, such as labeling an antibody-binding protein like Staphylococcus Protein A or Streptavidin with a radioactive isotope of iodine.

* A secondary deuterium isotope effect of slightly larger than 1 ( commonly 1-1. 5 ) is observed.

This most-often creates a secondary radiation hazard, as the absorbing nuclei transmute to the next-heavier isotope, many of which are unstable.

U-Pb isotope analyses of zircon yield secondary ages around 1790 Ma.

They considered only the lithium-6 isotope in the lithium deuteride secondary to be reactive ; the lithium-7 isotope, accounting for 60 % of the lithium content, was assumed to be inert.

Although the most common isotope of uranium, uranium-238 (< sup > 238 </ sup > U ), can be used as secondary fissionable material in hydrogen bombs, it cannot be used as the primary fissile material for an atomic bomb .< sup > 238 </ sup > U can be used to produce < sup > 239 </ sup > Pu, through the fission of < sup > 235 </ sup > U which produces neutrons, some of which will be absorbed by < sup > 238 </ sup > U creating < sup > 239 </ sup > U. After a few days the < sup > 239 </ sup > U will decay, turning into weapons-usable < sup > 239 </ sup > Pu.

When the substitution is not involved in the bond that is breaking or forming, a smaller rate change, termed a secondary isotope effect is observed.

The secondary kinetic isotope effect ( SKIE ) arises in cases where the isotopic substitution is remote from the bond being broken.

An example of an " inverse " α secondary kinetic isotope effect can be seen in the work of Fitzpatrick and Kurtz who used such an effect to distinguish between two proposed pathways for the reaction of d-amino acid oxidase with nitroalkane anions.

Plutonium-239 is the primary fissile isotope used for the production of nuclear weapons, although uranium-235 has also been used and is currently the secondary isotope.

There may be a number of secondary effects resulting from diffusion through buildings such as widespread contamination of kitchens, restaurants, food stores, hospitals, etc..

) Base stacking effects are especially important in the secondary structure and tertiary structure of RNA ; for example, RNA stem-loop structures are stabilized by base stacking in the loop region.

These factors, combined with other possible secondary effects after prolonged use such as psychomotor, cognitive, or memory impairments, limit their long-term applicability.

Higher male secondary school enrollment, per capita income and economic growth rate all had significant effects on reducing the chance of civil war.

The PEPE detectors had a secondary function to monitor such effects from the engine.

The interaction of hormone and receptor typically triggers a cascade of secondary effects within the cytoplasm of the cell, often involving phosphorylation or dephosphorylation of various other cytoplasmic proteins, changes in ion channel permeability, or increased concentrations of intracellular molecules that may act as secondary messengers ( e. g., cyclic AMP ).

The impact of inventions and technology on society is a recurring, if not central theme in Niven's work: for example, addiction to electric brain stimulation resulting in " wireheads ", or the secondary and tertiary effects of an invention such as teleportation on social behavior, problems, and mores.

Thus, while modafinil's unique stimulant profile features interactions with monoamine systems, these may very well be downstream events secondary to effects on specific, electrotonically-coupled populations of GABAergic interneurons.

The primary cause is muscular hyper-or parafunction, as in the case of bruxism, with secondary effects on the oral musculoskeletal system, like various types of displacement of the disc in the temporomandibular joint.

" Paine lays out a vision of, in Davidson and Scheick's words, " an age of intellectual freedom, when reason would triumph over superstition, when the natural liberties of humanity would supplant priestcraft and kingship, which were both secondary effects of politically managed foolish legends and religious superstitions.

Aside from the effect on temperature, UHIs can produce secondary effects on local meteorology, including the altering of local wind patterns, the development of clouds and fog, the humidity, and the rates of precipitation.

There were secondary effects from an unknown eruption or eruptions around 1810, and several smaller eruptions around the world between 1812 and 1814.

Less commonly, a non-degenerative condition may have secondary effects on brain cells, which may or may not be reversible if the condition is treated.

While capable of inflicting severe to catastrophic burns and causing secondary fires, thermal wave effects are considered very limited in range compared to shock and fragmentation.

Mitoxantrone may be the most effective of them all ; however, it is generally not considered as a long-term therapy, as its use is limited by severe secondary effects.

Treatment of progressive MS is more difficult than relapsing-remitting MS. Mitoxantrone has shown positive effects in those with secondary progressive and progressive relapsing courses.

Other takeovers are strategic in that they are thought to have secondary effects beyond the simple effect of the profitability of the target company being added to the acquiring company's profitability.

Total income, including secondary effects, was € 1. 06 billion ( US $ 1. 3 billion ).

Just in front of the root of the iris is the region referred to as the trabecular meshwork, through which the aqueous humour constantly drains out of the eye, with the result that diseases of the iris often have important effects on intraocular pressure, and body provide a lesser secondary pathway for the aqueous humour to drain from the eye.

Several factors can promote the formation of cataracts, including long-term exposure to ultraviolet light, exposure to ionizing radiation, secondary effects of diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and advanced age, or trauma ( possibly much earlier ); they are usually a result of denaturation of lens protein.

This pain, especially when seen as unjustly inflicted, can have secondary general psychological effects on self-worth and self-confidence, trust and trustworthiness, and can, as with other types of trauma, impair psychological function.

Groups who see themselves as fighting against global exploitation also point to secondary effects such as the dumping of government-subsidized corn on developing world markets which forces subsistence farmers off of their lands, sending them into the cities or across borders in order to survive.

In medicine, a side effect is an effect, whether therapeutic or adverse, that is secondary to the one intended ; although the term is predominantly employed to describe adverse effects, it can also apply to beneficial, but unintended, consequences of the use of a drug.

Second, the Court wrote that a valid basis for according different treatment to a content-defined subclass of proscribable speech is that the subclass " happens to be associated with particular ' secondary effects ' of the speech, so that ' the regulation is justified without reference to the content of the … speech '" As an example, the Court wrote that a State could permit all obscene live performances except those involving minors.

Ideally speaking, it should be allowed to operate only where the public has a great stake in the continuity of supply or services, and where the actions of a single proprietor are secondary to the needs of society.

In his writing he makes mention of a moment when Alexander's secondary naval commander, Onesicritus, was reading the Amazon passage of his Alexander history to King Lysimachus of Thrace who was on the original expedition: the king smiled at him and said " And where was I, then?

The 8051 microcontroller has two, a primary accumulator and a secondary accumulator, where the second is used by instructions only when multiplying ( MUL AB ) or dividing ( DIV AB ); the former splits the 16-bit result between the two 8-bit accumulators, whereas the latter stores the quotient on the primary accumulator A and the remainder in the secondary accumulator B.

Rules can range from the very simple, as in tic-tac-toe, to those describing a game universe in great detail, as in Dungeons & Dragons ( although most of the latter are role-playing games where the board is secondary to the game, helping to visualize the game scenario ).

Usually at the age of 16 when students finish their secondary school studies, they move on to a sixth form college where they study for their A-levels ( although some secondary schools have integrated sixth forms ).

In heterogeneous catalysis, typical secondary processes include coking where the catalyst becomes covered by polymeric side products.

In heterogeneous catalysis, typical secondary processes include coking where the catalyst becomes covered by polymeric side products.

In countries such as Kenya-particularly in Nairobi and other cities where there is an expanding middle class-English is increasingly being used in the home as the first language, albeit with significant lexical influence from and secondary use of Swahili in a context of code-switching.

An example is to be found on the uninhabited island of Vementry on the north side of the West Mainland, where it appears that the cairn may have originally been circular and its distinctive heel shape added as a secondary development, a process repeated elsewhere in Shetland.

N9 from N1 122 km north and east to Tadjoura, where a secondary road continues along the coast ;

The pumped gases continue flowing to the base of the pump at increased pressure, flowing out through the diffusion pump outlet, where they are compressed to ambient pressure by the secondary mechanical forepump and exhausted.

* Situations where the possible return is a secondary reason for the wager / purchase ( e. g. buying a raffle ticket to support a charitable cause )

A detailed comparison between the surviving Italian and Spanish texts shows numerous places where the Spanish reading appears to be secondary, as for example, where a word necessary for the meaning is missing in the Spanish text but present in the Italian.

By 2006, such was the confusion from these multiple Acts, each amending the others ( and not all of which were ever actually commenced and thus were in the public record but not enforced as actual legislation ); and the amendments of Irish firearms legislation by other Acts ranging from the Wildlife Acts ( mostly relating to hunting law ) to the Road Traffic Acts ( relating to how and where firearms could be transported ) and others ; the large amount of secondary legislation ( Statutory Instruments, which set out regulations, the design of application forms for licences and so forth, as well as the details of when various parts of the Acts came into force ); as well as the introduction of EU firearms law into the canon of Irish legislation ; led the Irish Law Reform Commission to recommend that all the extant legislation be restated a legal process by which all the existing primary and secondary legislation would be read as one and a single document produced as the new Firearms Act ( and all prior Acts would be repealed ).

These are areas where the majority of economic activities are in the secondary sector and tertiary sectors.

At ten years old, Zwingli was sent to Basel to obtain his secondary education where he learned Latin under Magistrate Gregory Bünzli.

In 1920 his secondary education began at Saint-Boniface School, an institution controlled by the archbishop where the teachers were Roman Catholic priests.

Moon failed his eleven plus exam, and thus went to a secondary modern school, where in a report his art teacher commented: ' Retarded artistically.

In 1896 his family moved to Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin, where he attended elementary school, but returned to Chicago for secondary school.

Due to the nature of hyperbolic curves, a particular combination of a primary and two secondary stations can possibly result in a " grid " where the grid lines intersect at shallow angles.