The earliest certain ancestor of " A " is aleph ( also called ' aleph ), the first letter of the Phoenician alphabet ( which, by consisting entirely of consonants, is an abjad rather than a true alphabet ).

Reference to them is made according to the organization of Immanuel Bekker's Royal Prussian Academy edition ( Aristotelis Opera edidit Academia Regia Borussica, Berlin, 1831 – 1870 ), which in turn is based on ancient classifications of these works.

It is the basis for Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC ), which is used for civil timekeeping all over the Earth's surface, and for Terrestrial Time, which is used for astronomical calculations.

The latter is not to be confused with TA ( NPL ), which denotes an independent atomic time scale, not synchronised to TAI or to anything else.

Next were films such as The Winds of the Aures ( 1965 ) of Mohammed Lakhdar-Hamina, Patrol To The East ( 1972 ) of Amar Laskri, Prohibited Area of Ahmed Lallem, ( 1972 ), The Opium and the stick of Ahmed Rachedi, or The Battle of Algiers ( 1966 ) which is an Algerian-Italian film selected three times at the Oscars.

The single largest organization of Anthropologists is the American Anthropological Association ( AAA ), which was founded in 1903.

The committee debated the possibility of a shift key function ( like the Baudot code ), which would allow more than 64 codes to be represented by six bits.

Hesychius connects the name Apollo with the Doric απέλλα ( apella ), which means " assembly ", so that Apollo would be the god of political life, and he also gives the explanation σηκός ( sekos ), " fold ", in which case Apollo would be the god of flocks and herds.

The magicians were also called " seer-doctors " ( ιατρομάντεις ), and they used an ecstatic prophetic art which was used exactly by the god Apollo at the oracles.

The connection with Dorians and their initiation festival apellai is reinforced by the month Apellaios in northwest Greek calendars, but it can explain only the Doric type of the name, which is connected with the Ancient Macedonian word " pella " ( Pella ), stone.

The earliest Greek word for a statue is " delight " ( άγαλμα: agalma ), and the sculptors tried to create forms which would inspire such guiding vision.

In the first large-scale depictions during the early archaic period ( 640 – 580 BC ), the artists tried to draw one's attention to look into the interior of the face and the body which were not represented as lifeless masses, but as being full of life.

The last stage in the development of the Kouros type is the late archaic period ( 520 – 485 BC ), in which the Greek sculpture attained a full knowledge of human anatomy and used to create a relative harmonious whole.

The artists tried also to represent motion in a specific moment ( Myron ), which may be considered as the reappearance of the dormant Minoan element.

These form thirteen established families ( plus perhaps Shompen, which is poorly attested, as a fourteenth ), which have traditionally been grouped into two, as Mon – Khmer and Munda.

Amphibian is derived from the Ancient Greek term ἀμφίβιος ( amphíbios ), which means " both kinds of life ", amphi meaning " of both kinds " and bio meaning " life ".

They range in size from the Chinese giant salamander ( Andrias davidianus ), which can grow to a length of, to the diminutive Thorius pennatulus from Mexico which seldom exceeds.

In the wood frog ( Rana sylvatica ), the interior of the globular egg cluster has been found to be up to 6 ° C ( 11 ° F ) warmer than its surroundings which is an advantage in its cool northern habitat.

Tadpoles have cartilaginous skeletons, gills for respiration ( external gills at first, internal gills later ), lateral line systems and large tails which they use for swimming.

), or highly reduced seeds ( e. g. orchids ) lack this dark pigment in their seed coats.

Flowers across the Apiaceae are fairly uniform and are usually perfect ( hermaphroditic ) and actinomorphic, but some are andromonoecious, polygamomonoecious, or even dioecious ( as in Acronema ), with a distinct calyx and corolla, but the calyx if often highly reduced, to the point of being undetectable in many species, while the corolla can be white, yellow, pink or purple.

In the First Test ( the first played at Edgbaston ), after scoring 376 England bowled out Australia for 36 ( Wilfred Rhodes 7 / 17 ) and reduced them to 46 – 2 when they followed on.

One is on Medny Island ( Commander Islands, Russia ), which was reduced by some 85 – 90 %, to around 90 animals, as a result of mange caused by an ear tick introduced by dogs in the 1970s.

The two molecules acetyl-CoA ( from one molecule of glucose ) then enter the citric acid cycle, producing two more molecules of ATP, six more NADH molecules and two reduced ( ubi ) quinones ( via FADH < sub > 2 </ sub > as enzyme-bound cofactor ), and releasing the remaining carbon atoms as carbon dioxide.

The full width of the court is 6. 1 metres ( 20 ft ), and in singles this width is reduced to 5. 18 metres ( 17 ft ).

As a national revival occurred towards the end of the period of Ottoman rule ( mostly during the 19th century ), a modern Bulgarian literary language gradually emerged which drew heavily on Church Slavonic / Old Bulgarian ( and to some extent on literary Russian, which had preserved many lexical items from Church Slavonic ) and later reduced the number of Turkish and other Balkanic loans.

The population migrations around 1200 – 1100 BC reduced the shipping of tin around the Mediterranean ( and from Great Britain ), limiting supplies and raising prices. Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng, Spring and Autumn Period ( 476BC-221BC ) As ironworking improved, iron became cheaper ; and as cultures advanced from wrought iron to forged iron, they learned how to make steel, which is stronger than bronze and holds a sharper edge longer.

The Macedonian king had suffered a disastrous defeat at the hands of the Romans in the Second Macedonian War ( 200-197 BC ), which had reduced him from a powerful Hellenistic monarch to the status of a petty client-king with a much-reduced territory and a tiny army.

This left the French armies much reduced in strength ( although not demoralized ), and without much of their own armour and heavy equipment.

The most notable alteration is the shortening of most feasts from nine to three lessons at Matins, keeping only the Scripture readings ( the former lesson i, then lessons ii and iii together ), followed by either the first part of the patristic reading ( lesson vii ) or, for most feasts, a condensed version of the former second Nocturn, which was formerly used when a feast was reduced in rank and commemorated.

Musician Alan Stivell uses a similar dichotomy, between the Gaelic ( Irish / Scottish / Manx ) and the Brythonic ( Breton / Welsh / Cornish ) branches, which differentiate " mostly by the extended range ( sometimes more than two octaves ) of Irish and Scottish melodies and the closed range of Breton and Welsh melodies ( often reduced to a half-octave ), and by the frequent use of the pure pentatonic scale in Gaelic music.

Once an idea has been reduced to tangible form, for example by securing it in a fixed medium ( such as a drawing, sheet music, photograph, a videotape, or a computer file ), the copyright holder is entitled to enforce his or her exclusive rights.

Some, like René Descartes, have thought that this is so ( this view is known as dualism, and functionalism also considers the mind as distinct from the body ), while others have thought that concepts of the mental can be reduced to physical concepts ( this is the view of physicalism or materialism ).

Appalled at the depredations visited by feral pigs upon the island's Brown Booby and Masked Booby colonies ( reduced to 500 and 150 birds, respectively ), Stager procured a shotgun and proceeded to hunt down and kill all of Clipperton Island's 58 pigs.

A similar story is reported by Flavius Josephus during the siege of Jerusalem by Rome in 70 AD ( see Mary of Bethezuba ), and the population of Numantia during the Roman Siege of Numantia in the 2nd century BC was reduced to cannibalism and suicide.

Criticisms and disadvantages of cycling include reduced protection in crashes, particularly with motor vehicles, longer travel time ( except in densely populated areas ), vulnerability to weather conditions, difficulty in transporting passengers, and the skill and fitness required.

The fatality and serious injury rates per hour of travel are just over double for cycling than for walking ( owing to the reduced travel time ), in the UK.

By the 1990s, the US had adopted the M4 carbine, a derivative of the M16 family which fired the same 5. 56mm cartridge but was lighter and shorter ( in overall length and barrel length ), resulting in marginally reduced range and power.

In addition, one complete turn of the cycle converts three equivalents of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ( NAD < sup >+</ sup >) into three equivalents of reduced NAD < sup >+</ sup > ( NADH ), one equivalent of ubiquinone ( Q ) into one equivalent of reduced ubiquinone ( QH < sub > 2 </ sub >), and one equivalent each of guanosine diphosphate ( GDP ) and inorganic phosphate ( P < sub > i </ sub >) into one equivalent of guanosine triphosphate ( GTP ).

Since at this stress the slope of the material's stress-strain curve, E < sub > t </ sub > ( called the tangent modulus ), is smaller than that below the proportional limit, the critical load at inelastic buckling is reduced.

In the southeast, in eastern South Africa, Swaziland, Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and southern Mozambique, they were adopted from a Tuu language or languages by the languages of the Nguni cluster ( especially Zulu, Xhosa, and Phuthi, but also to a lesser extent Swazi and Ndebele ), and spread from them in a reduced fashion to the Zulu-based pidgin Fanagalo, Sesotho, Tsonga, Ronga, the Mzimba dialect of Tumbuka, and more recently to Ndau and urban varieties of Pedi, where the spread of clicks is an ongoing process.

Common symptoms of alcohol intoxication include slurred speech, euphoria, impaired balance, loss of muscle coordination ( ataxia ), flushed face, dehydration, vomiting, reddened eyes, reduced inhibitions, and erratic behavior.

The two recent conflicts ( the First and Second Congo Wars ), which began in 1996, have dramatically reduced national output and government revenue, have increased external debt, and have resulted in deaths of more than five million people from war, and associated famine and disease.