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*** High Prussian ( Hochpreußisch )
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*** and High
*** and Prussian
*** Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick ( 1721 – 1792 ), his brother, Prussian field marshal from 1758 to 1766
High and Prussian
Bishop Christian asked the new Pope Honorius III for the consent to start another Crusade, however a first campaign in 1217 proved a failure and even the joint efforts by Duke Konrad with the Polish High Duke Leszek I the White and Duke Henry I the Bearded of Silesia in 122 / 23 only led to the reconquest of Chełmno Land but did not stop the Prussian invasions.
The language is called “ Old Prussian ” to avoid confusion with the German dialects Low Prussian and High Prussian, and the adjective “ Prussian ”, which is also often used to relate to the later German state.
Most of the German population of Warmia spoke High Prussian, while a small area in the north spoke Low Prussian ; southern Warmia was mostly populated by Polish-speaking Warmiaks.
Hilferding ( 1862 ) and Parczewski ( 1896 ) confirmed a progressive language shift in the Kashubian population from their Slavonic vernacular to the local German dialect ( Low German Ostpommersch or High German, in eastern Kashubian areas also Low German Low Prussian ).
From the High Middle Ages the Oker between the villages of Ohrum and Börßum formed the eastern boundary of the Prince-Bishopric of Hildesheim with the Duchy of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, and further south to Wiedelah ( today part of Vienenburg ) with the Prince-Bishopric of Halberstadt, which became the Prussian Principality of Halberstadt following its secularization in 1648.
After the disaster of the Prussian Crusade, the Silesian dukes Bolesław I the Tall and Mieszko IV Tanglefoot attempted to dethrone the High Duke and to recover the Seniorate Province and thereby the Polish overlordship.
The German-speaking minority was mostly settled in the ' Eastern Cantons ', several Prussian municipalities ceded to Belgium by the 1919 Treaty of Versailles and administered from 1920 to 1925 by a Belgian military High Commissioner.
That had inter alia the consequence that, in 1878, out of concern about the suppression of the Lutheran confession by the reformed Prussian monarchy, the Evangelical-Lutheran High Cross church parish was formed, that merged with other Lutheran churches into an independent " old confesssional " ( altkonfessionell ) Lutheran church body-the Hanoverian Evangelical-Lutheran Free Church, a predecessor of the present-day Independent Evangelical Lutheran Church.
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