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98 and californium
Similar to the nearly simultaneous discovery of americium ( element 95 ) and curium ( element 96 ) in 1944, the new elements berkelium and californium ( element 98 ) were both produced in 1949 – 1950.
The very heaviest elements ( those beyond californium, atomic number 98 ) undergo radioactive decay with half-lives so short that they do not occur in nature and have to be synthesized.
Ten of these occur in extreme trace quantities: technetium, atomic number 43 ; promethium, number 61 ; astatine, number 85 ; francium, number 87 ; neptunium, number 93 ; plutonium, number 94 ; americium, number 95 ; curium, number 96 ; berkelium, number 97 ; and californium, number 98.
The very heaviest elements ( those beyond californium, atomic number 98 ) undergo radioactive decay with half-lives so short that they do not occur in nature and have to be synthesized.
However, when the research team synthesized element 98, they could not think of a good analogy for dysprosium, and instead named the element californium in honor of the state in which it was synthesized.
In experiments during 1949-1950, they produced and identified elements 97 ( berkelium ) and 98 ( californium ).

98 and Cf
Californium is a radioactive metallic chemical element with the symbol Cf and atomic number 98.

californium and Cf
Thus, the symbols for californium or einsteinium are Cf and Es.
In October 2006, scientists from the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory successfully created synthetically ununoctium ( Uuo ), the seventh element in group 18, by bombarding californium ( Cf ) with calcium ( Ca ).
The back end of the nuclear fuel cycle, mostly spent fuel rods, contains fission products that emit beta and gamma radiation, and actinides that emit alpha particles, such as uranium-234, neptunium-237, plutonium-238 and americium-241, and even sometimes some neutron emitters such as californium ( Cf ).

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