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** Algeria proclaims independence ; Ahmed Ben Bella is the first President.
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** and Algeria
** The armed wing of the Islamic Salvation Front concludes its negotiations with the government for an amnesty and disbands in Algeria ( see Algerian Civil War # GIA destroyed, GSPC discontinues )
** Following a rash of integrist murders, Algeria breaks diplomatic relations with Iran, accusing the country of interfering in its interior affairs.
** Members of the Armed Islamic Group in Algeria kill 7 French Trappist monks, after talks with French government concerning the imprisonment of several GIA sympathisers break down.
** In France, President Charles de Gaulle fires Jacques Massu, the commander-in-chief of the French troops in Algeria.
** Pierre Lagaillarde, who led the insurrections in 1958 and 1960 in Algeria, fails to appear in court in Paris, France.
** French President Charles de Gaulle's visit to Algeria is bloodied by European and Muslim rioters in Algeria's largest cities.
** Thousands riot in Algiers, Algeria against the National Liberation Front government ; by October 10 the army has killed and tortured about 500 people in crushing the riots.
** President of Algeria Chadli Bendjedid dismisses Prime Minister of Algeria Mouloud Hamrouche following 11 days of antigovernment demonstrations, replacing him with Sid Ahmed Ghozali.
** The OAS signs a truce with the FLN in Algeria, but a day later announces that it will continue the fight on behalf of French Algerians.
** and proclaims
** World War II: In Yugoslavia, resistance leader Marshal Josip Broz Tito proclaims a provisional democratic Yugoslav government in-exile.
** Reza Pahlavi, eldest son of the shah of Iran, proclaims himself the rightful successor to the Peacock Throne.
** The Dalai Lama proclaims 6-year-old Gedhun Choekyi Nyima as the 11th reincarnation of the Panchen Lama.
** The Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( without the presence of Serb political delegates ) proclaims independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
** Ngo Dinh Diem proclaims Vietnam to be a republic with himself as its President and forms the Army of the Republic of Vietnam.
** U. S. President Herbert Hoover is succeeded by Franklin D. Roosevelt ( FDR ), who in reference to the Great Depression, proclaims " The only thing we have to fear, is fear itself " in his inauguration speech.
** The Umayyad Emir Abd al-Rahman III, faced with the threat of invasion by the Fatimids, proclaims himself Caliph of Córdoba.
** By 1034, Sancho the Great of Navarre had incorporated Aragon, Sobrarbe, Barcelona, as well as Asturias, León and Castile, and he proclaims himself Rex Hispaniarum (" King of all Spains ").
** and independence
** ISO 3166-1 numeric – three-digit country codes which are identical to those developed and maintained by the United Nations Statistics Division, with the advantage of script ( writing system ) independence, and hence useful for people or systems using non-Latin scripts.
** Ten-Day War ( 1991 ) – a brief military conflict between Slovenian TO ( Slovenian Territorial Defence ) and the Yugoslav People's Army ( JNA ) following Slovenia's declaration of independence.
** Croatian War of Independence ( 1991 – 1995 ) – the war fought in hegh town Croatia between the Croatian government, having declared independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and both the Yugoslav People's Army ( JNA ) and Serb forces, who established the self-proclaimed Republic of Serbian Krajina ( RSK ) within Croatia.
** The Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen is granted independence from the Ottoman Empire by the Armistice of Mudros.
** Iceland regains independence, yet remains in personal union with the King of Denmark, who also becomes the King of Iceland until 1944.
** Eritreans vote overwhelmingly for independence from Ethiopia in a United Nations-monitored referendum.
** Eritrea: Eritrean independence was declared as a result of a referendum held with UN verification.
** Burundian presidential election, 1993: The first multiparty elections in Burundi since the country's independence lead to the election of Melchior Ndadaye, leader of the Front for Democracy in Burundi.
** Hitler advises Jozef Tiso to declare Slovakia's independence in order to prevent its partition by Hungary and Poland.
** Indonesian nationalists Soekarno and Mohammad Hatta declare the independence of the Republic of Indonesia, with Soekarno as president.
** Cold War: Soviet troops occupy Baku, Azerbaijan, under the state of emergency decree issued by Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev and kill over 130 and wound over 700 protesters for national independence.
** Cold War: Lithuania declares independence from the Soviet Union with the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania.
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